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eml 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| environmental substance capable of producing an immediate hypersensitivity in the body. house dust, pollen, animal, dander, and various foods | allergen |
| hypersensitivity to a substance, resulting in an inflammatory immune response | allergy |
| disease caused by the body' s inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, thus producing antibodies that attack its own tissue. Rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disease |
| process in which some of the white blood cells destroy the invading microorganism and old cells | phagocytosis |
| phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax and fill with blood between contractions | diastole |
| occurring outside the body. | extracorporeal |
| escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue | extravasation |
| rapid, quivering, non coordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles | fibrillation |
| excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood; associated with heightened risk of cardiovascular disease | hypercholesterolemia |
| excessive amount of fats (lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol) in the blood | hyperlipidemia |
| blood pressure that is above normal (greater than 140/90) | hypertension |
| excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood; associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease | hypertriglyceridemia |
| blood pressure that is below normal (less than 90/60) | hypotension |
| fats and fatlike substances that serve as a source of fuel in the body and are an important constituent of cell structure | lipids |
| space with a tubular part or organ, such as the space within a blood vessel | lumen |
| to close tightly, to block | occlude |
| phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract and eject blood (top number) | systole |
| agent or nerve that marrows the blood vessels | vasoconstrictor |
| agent or nerve that enlarges the blood vessels | vasodilator |
| procedure used to puncture a vein with a needle to remove blood, instill a medication, or start an intravenous infusion | venipuncture |
| abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood | blood dyscrasia |
| rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding | hemorrhage |
| exaggerated, life-threatening reaction to a previously encountered antigen such as bee venom, peanuts, or latex | anaphylaxis |
| ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall | aneurysm |
| chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle | angina pectoris |
| any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern | arrhythmia |
| congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta. | coarctation of the aorta |
| condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body. Most often occurs in the lower extremities. A clot, or part of a clot, can break off and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism | deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
| disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure | hypertensive heart disease (HHD) |
| narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever | mitral valve stenosis |
| death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (also called heart attack) | myocardial infarction |
| condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes. Anemia may be caused by blood loss or decrease in the production or increase in the destruction of red blood cells. | anemia |
| blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation | embolus (pl. emboli) |
| inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII | hemophilia |
| malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow | leukemia |
| condition in which pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, enter the bloodstream, causing a systemic inflammatory response to the infection (also called septicemia) | sepsis |
| surgical excision of an aneurysm | aneurysmectomy |
| surgical removal of an embolus or clot, usually with a balloon catheter, inflating the balloon beyond the clot, then pulling the balloon back to the incision and bringing the clot with it | embolectomy |
| surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to politeal artery to bypass an obstruction | femoropopliteal bypass |
| injection of a medication either intravenously or intraarterially to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries before they become hardened. It is often used in emergency departments for acute myocardial infarction. | intracoronary thrombolytic therapy |
| procedure which balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to area where plaque is formed. Inflation of balloon compresses plaque against vessel wall, expanding the inner diameter of blood vessel, allows blood to circulate more freel | percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) |
| procedure to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study; used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease and condition of blood cells | bone marrow aspiration |
| procedure to obtain a sample of bone marrow, usually from the ilium for study; used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease and condition of blood cells | bone marrow biopsy |
| process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that "subtracts" or removes structures not being studied | digital subtraction angiography |
| ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides views of the heart structures | transesophageal echocardiogram |
| diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart through a blood vessel to examine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels; used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease | cardiac catheterization |
| measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance (impedance in the vein; used to detect deep vein thrombosis. | impedance plethysmography |
| device used for measuring blood pressure | sphygmomanometer |
| blood test to measure the volume of erythrocytes. It is used in the diagnosis and evaluation of anemic patients | hematocrit |
| application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm. | defibrillation |
| small. spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. They may be singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. They filter lymph to keep substances from entering the blood, also produces lymphocytes | lymph nodes |
| transparent, colorless, tissue fluid, contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one way direction to the heart | lymph |
| angi/o | vessel |
| lymphaden/o | lymph node |
| phleb/o | vein |
| ather/o | yellowish, fatty plaque |
| isch/o | deficiency, blockage |
| pan- | all, total |
| -apheresis | removal |
| -poeisis | formation |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes | hodgkin disease |
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