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BJ Chem Ch 7
BJ Chem Ch 7 Bond Theories & Molecular Geometry
Question | Answer |
---|---|
It states that two elements form a bond when they share two unpaired, oppositely spinning electrons. | valence bond theory |
type of bonding occurring when orbitals overlap on the bond axis-nd to end | sigma bond |
type of bonding occurring when orbitals overlap side-to-side | pi bond |
occurs when no one Lewis structure can completely describe the distribution of electrons | resonance |
it suggests that the orbitals of a molecule's atoms are replaced by totally new orbitals when a molecule forms | molecular orbital theory |
sp3 - 4 out of 4 | tetrahedral |
sp3 - 3 out of 4 | trigonal planar |
can be sp3- 1 out of four, sp- 2 out of 3, sp- 1 out of 2 | linear |
creation of new orbitals from orbitals of different energies | hybridization |
sp3- 2 out of 4 | bent 109.5 |
sp2- 2 out of 3 | bent 120 |
bond between two nonmetals of different ENs | polar covalent bond |
overall polarity of molecule considering orientation of polar bonds | dipole moment |
Geometry of methane CH4 | tetrahedral |
Geometry of ammonia NH3 | pyrimidal |
Geometry of water H20 | bent 109.5 |
Geometry of HF | linear |
Geometry of BI3 | trigonal planar |
Geometry of GeF2 | bent 120 |
Geometry of BeF2 | linear |
Geometry of carbon monoxide CO | linear |
(T/F) All sublevels hold the same total number of electrons. | False |
(T/F) A triple bond consists of a single sigma bond and two pi bonds. | True |
(T/F) The atomospheric pollutant sulfur dioxide (SO2) exhibits resonance, has single and double bonds which can be switched back and forth so rapidly that chemists cannot detect their state. | False |
Geometry of HCN | linear |
Geometry of hydroxide ion (OH-) | linear |
Geometry of boron trihydride (BH3) | trigonal planar |
How many sigma and pi bonds are there in a molecule of O2 | 1 sigma and 1 pi due to double bond |
How many sigma and pi bonds are there is a molecule of N2 | 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds due to triple bond |
Which shape will always be polar? | bent, pyramidal |
(T or F) The VSEPR theory predicts the magnetic qualities of diatomic oxygen | False |
The presence of unpaired electrons in molecular orbitals has been associated with __________. | paramagnetism |
(Polar or nonpolar) NH3 | polar |
(T or F) A pi bond is stronger than a sigma bond | False |
The vector sum of all bond polarities within a molecule | dipole moment |
Lower case delta + or - represent the partial ___________ of a polar molecule. | charges |
Draw the Lewis structure for HCN, tell its shape and indicate the direction of the dipole moment. | linear |
Angle in a pure tetrahedral arrangement | 109.5 |
The difference in ______________ between two elements determines the polarity of the bond between them | electronegativity |
Draw the Lewis structure for H2O, give it's shape, indicate the direction of the dipole moment | bent |