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Environmental Chem
Exam #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bioconcentration | The process by which a compound becomes more concentrated in an organism because of the compound being more soluble in fatty tissue |
| Biomagnification | A chemical whose concentrations increase along the food chain (occurs over time) ex. Eating a lot of fish a person can accumulate a lot of mercury. |
| BCF | Bioconcentration Factor, the equilibrium ratio of the concentration of a specific chemical in a fish relative to that in the surrounding water |
| Acute Toxicity | rapid onset of symptoms |
| Chronic Toxicity | continuous, long-term exposure to a relatively low individual doses of a toxic chemical that is present in the air we breath, the water we drink, or the food we eat |
| LD50 | The dose that proves to be lethal to 50% of the population of test animals |
| NOEL | No observable effects level, threshold. |
| Thermal Pollution | river of lake water that has been artificially warmed, at equilibrium, it will contain less oxygen than colder water because of the decrease in gas solubility with increasing temperature |
| COD | chemical oxygen demand, a faster way to determine the oxygen demand of a water sample |
| BOD | biochemical oxygen demand, the amount of oxygen consumed as a result of the oxidation of dissolved organic matter in the sample |
| TOC | total organic carbon, used to characterize the dissolved and suspended organic matter in raw water |
| Alkalinity | a measure of the ability of a water sample to act as a base by reacting with hydrogen ions |
| Hardness | the total concentration of the ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ |
| DDT | dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, |
| DDE | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, formed from the breakdown of DDT |
| Dose-Response Curves | |
| Acid Mine Drainage | oxidation of iron pyrite fool's gold produces soluble iron(III)sulfate, FE2(SO4)3,sulfuric acid.Fe3+ ion is soluble in the highly acidic water,the pH rises a yellowish-brown precip. of Fe(OH)3 forms from Fe3+,discoloring water&smothering plant&animal life |
| Lake Stratification | Without mixing to provide dissolved oxygen, the lake bottom,lacking enough light for photosynthesis to occur,tends to have a very limited supply of oxygen during the summer.Respiration by animals and bacteria can deplete the dissolved oxygen at the botton |
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