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Political geography
Review of key terms and concepts from our political geography unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The organization inside a state that controls the actions and policies of the state | Government |
| A state of lawlessness or political disorder due to the absence of government | Anarchy |
| A government structure in which there are no effective limits on government actions | Unlimited Government |
| A government structure in which government actions are limited by law | Limited Government |
| Supreme power held by one leader (who inherited his/her power) | Monarchy |
| Absolute power by overbearing leader, typically gets power and loses power by violent overthrow | Dictatorship |
| God (or a higher being) is the supreme ruler and is interpreted by a religious authority | Theocracy |
| Only 1 political party allowed to govern, leaders of the party make most decisions for the country | Single-Party State |
| Citizens vote for representatives AND the president | Presidential Democracy |
| Citizens vote for representatives, the majority party then selects the leader | Parliamentary Democracy |
| The group of people who are the members or citizens of a state | Population |
| The area in which a state’s rule applies | Territory |
| The ability to rule absolutely within a territory (or right to self-govern) | Sovereignty |
| A rulebook for a country's government | Constitution |
| Citizens of a country give their permission to be governed by the country’s government | Consent of the governed |
| Protecting the rights of small or unpopular groups regardless of what other larger groups believe | Rights of the minority |
| Dividing power among several branches of government | Separation of power |
| A limit on governmental power where laws are fair, enforced and subject to everyone (even the president!) | Rule of law |
| Intergovernmental organization formed in 1945 with the overall task of maintaining international peace and security, currently has 193 members | United Nations |
| Groups formed between governments that are based on a formal agreement between three or more countries (examples: United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization) | Intergovernmental Organizations |
| International groups that work to solve problems around the world, but are not connected to any specific government (example: Red Cross) | Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) |
| A body of people living in a defined area that have the power to make and enforce laws | Sovereign State |
| States that have a long, narrow shape | Elongated |
| States that have several discontinuous pieces of territory in its shape | Fragmented |
| An otherwise compact state shape with large, projecting extensions | Prorupted |
| A state shape where the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly | Compact |
| State shape where one state completely surrounds another state | Perforated |
| State shape where a state does not have a direct outlet to the sea | Landlocked |
| Conflicts between states, regions or countries over ownership of a specific area | Territorial disputes |
| Conflicts over the interpretation of documents defining a boundary or the way it is shown on the ground | Positional disputes |
| Conflicts over national policy applied at a border, such as immigration/customs regulation or land use and location policies between neighbors | Functional disputes |
| Conflicts over the use of resources created or complicated by political boundaries | Resource disputes |
| Nongovernmental organization that works to gather data, improve health, and respond to crises around the entire world | World Health Organization |
| Intergovernmental organization that helps poor and middle-income countries get financial resources to build improvements and reduce poverty | World Bank |
| Intergovernmental military organization of 30 countries that will protect each other in case of attack | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
| Nongovernmental organization whose main roles include responding to disasters, running program, and visiting prisoners of war | Red Cross/Red Crescent |
| Intergovernmental organization made up of 27 countries with the goal of making the member countries economically dependent on one another | European Union |
| The right of Indigenous tribes in the U.S. to govern themselves, their lands, and their citizens that is guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution | Tribal Sovereignty |
| Governing bodies of federally recognized tribes | Tribal Governments |
| The practice of managing relationships between countries | Diplomacy |
Created by:
alexgvoigt