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Study List
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| legato | smooth flowing manner. no breaks between notes |
| voice leading | (or part writing) is the linear progression of individual melodic lines (voices or parts) and their interaction with one another to create harmonies, typically in accordance with the principles of common-practice harmony and counterpoint. |
| holistic | Evaluation of emotional, physical, spiritual, psychological, and social dimensions because all make up the whole person |
| eclectic | integrates the benefits of several approaches |
| behavioral | goal is to reinforce desirable behaviors and eliminate unwanted or maladaptive ones |
| reconstructive | One type of insight-oriented therapy which examines unconscious and deep-set emotions in order to restructure the personality |
| humanistic/existential | focuses on recognizing passive acceptance and taking conscious control of one's own life; aims to create meaning in client’s life |
| reality therapy | focuses on helping a client to have a satisfying or positive relationship with another person |
| cognitive behavioral | focuses on how thinking affects behavior. focuses on challenging & changing unhelpful cognitive distortions (thoughts, beliefs, attitudes) & behaviors, improves emotional regulation, & devel of personal coping strategies targeting solving current problems |
| rational emotive therapy | A system of psychotherapy proposed by Albert Ellis which attempts to confront one's rational belief system as a method of solving problems |
| biomedical | physiological interventions that focus on the reduction of symptoms associated with psychological disorders. Three procedures used are drug therapies, electroconvulsive (shock) treatment, and psychosurgery. Drug therapies. |
| neuroscience | any or all of the sciences, such as neurochemistry and experimental psychology, which deal with the structure or function of the nervous system and brain. |
| psychoanalytic | adopts a deterministic view and unconscious factors that motivate behavior |
| psychodynamic | also known as insight-oriented therapy, focuses on unconscious processes as they are manifested in a person's present behavior |
| maslow's hierarchy of needs | physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self actualization. In order to move to the next level, the previous levels must be satisfied as well |
| piagets stages of development | sensorimotor 0-2. Pre-operational 2-7. Concrete operational 7-11. Can think logically about concrete events. Formal operational 12 and up. Abstract thought emerges. |
| rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) | used to facilitate the rehabilitation of movements that are intrinsically biologically rhythmical, most importantly gait. |
| The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music | music-centered depth approach to transformational therapy that uses selected sequences of classical music to support generation and movement through inner experiences. allows one to access and explore both depths and heights of the human experience. |
| Nordoff-Robbins | based on the belief that everyone possesses a sensitivity to music that can be utilized for personal growth and development. In this form of treatment, clients take an active role in creating music together with their therapists |
| vibroacustic therapy | VAT, is a form of sound therapy |
| Orff Approach | It combines music, movement, drama, and speech into lessons that are similar to child's world of play. |
| dyspraxia | disturbance in the sequence of spoken language resulting from decreased ability to plan and position the muscles involved in articulation |
| broca's area | speech production. Inability to speak coherently caused by damage to left frontal lobe |
| wernicke's area | receptive communication. Inability to comprehend language due to damage to left temporal lobe |
| tar dive dyskinesia | symptoms include involuntary movements of jaw and face. |
| episodic memory | autobiographical events |
| working memory | information that can be held in mind and mentally manipulated in a short period of time |
| semantic | general world knowledge |
| auditory perception | being asked to listen, perceive, and understand sounds |
| aphasia | loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. |
| bilabial sounds | sounds that require putting lips together (i.e., /b/ or /p/); are the first sounds infants make. |
| executive function | consist of several mental skills that help the brain organize and act on information. These skills enable people to plan, organize, remember things, prioritize, pay attention and get started on tasks |
| left hemisphere injury | responsible for verbal and logical functions including language (listening, reading, speaking, and writing), thought and memory involving words. |
| right hemisphere injury | responsible for nonverbal and intuitive functions such as putting bits of information together to make up an entire picture, recognizing oral and visual patterns and designs (music and art), and expressing and understanding emotions. |
| IEP | individualized education plan in schools |
| IPP | Person-centered individual program planning assists ADULTS with developmental disabilities and their families to build their capacities and capabilities. Team includes individual, family (when appropriate), regional center representative(s) and others. |
| SOAP | History/reason for service. Information from current presentation and observations. Documents S and O to arrive at a diagnosis. Details need for next action needed |
| grounding | coping strategy that is designed to "ground" you in, or immediately connect you with, the present moment. |
| holding | type of psychological intervention used to help children who find it difficult to form a relationship with their mother.? |
| percentile | value below a given percentage |
| validity | extent to which a concept, conclusion or measurement is well-founded and likely corresponds accurately to the real world based on probability |
| reliability | overall consistency of a measure |
| variability | extent to which data points in a statistical distribution or data set diverge from the average |
| Americans with disabilities act | prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in several areas, including employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and access to state and local government’ programs and services. |
| intellectual disabilities education act | federal law that requires schools to serve the educational needs of eligible students with disabilities. |
| section 504 of rehab act | prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal financial assistance, and set the stage for enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act. first disability civil rights law to be enacted in the United States |
| congenital | appears at birth |
| adventitious | papers after birth |
| presbycusis | age related gradual hearing loss |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on one side of the body |
| diplegia | paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body, typically involving the legs |
| monoplegia | paralysis of one limb |
| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs |
| shaping | A technique for developing new behaviors by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior |
| muscular dystrophy | Progressive weakness of all muscles in the body. Can be attributed to degeneration of muscle cells and their replacement by fat and fibrous tissue |
| pressured speech | Symptoms often found among individuals a manic episode. Individual is extremely talkative and may feel and irresistible urge to keep talking. |
| dysrhythmia | Lack of rhythmicity in social interactions. May be present in those with autism, manic/depressive symptoms, or schizophrenia |
| chaining | ability to learn a complex task by connecting simple tasks in a sequence instead of exposure to complex task all at once; procedure of two or more processes being joined together systematically, one at a time; learner is not inundated with too |
| sequencing | understanding how a series of objects, events, and time occur in a specific and logical order. I.e., order of first, middle, and last |
| generalization | process of transferring or applying responses to a different set of stimuli, a new setting, or another behavior |
| reversal design ABAB | A single subject, applied behavior analysis design which generally involves observing behavior during baseline, treatment, a return to baseline, and treatment reapplied. |
| anoxia | deprivation of oxygen to the brain |
| dysarthria | Motor speech disorder caused by damage to the brain. Impairment of muscles used for speech production. Symptoms include slurred, choppy, mumbled speech; slow or rapid but mumbled speech; changes in voice quality. |
| dyspnea | shortness of breath |
| loose association | A thought disorder in which series of ideas are presented with loosely apparent or completely inapparent logical connections. Example: “He went to the ballpark and bought Frank's beer belly home in a bag of grass seed.” |
| selective vs. sustained attention | the capacity for or process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively when several occur simultaneously VS ability to focus on an activity or stimulus over a long period of time |
| hallucination | Perception of sensory input, often sounds or tactile sensations, which are not occurring in reality |
| sundowning | Sundowning is a symptom of Alzheimer's disease & other forms of dementia. It's also known as “late-day confusion.” Confusion and agitation may get worse in the late afternoon and evening compared to earlier in the day. |
| positive reinforcement | addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future |
| negative reinforcement | response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus |
| positive punishment | presenting a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior less likely to happen in the future |
| negative punishment | involves taking something good or desirable away to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior |
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eew888