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ch.10 senses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 kinds of receptors and what stimulates them | chemoreceptors-change in concentration of chemicals. pain receptors- tissue damage thermoreceptors- change in temp. mechanoreceptors-change in pressure or movement photoreceptors-light energy |
| perception of sensory impulses results from | the region of the brain that receives the impulse |
| the ability to ignore unimportant stimuli | sensory adaptation |
| list locations for receptors associated with somatic senses | skin, muscles, joints, visera |
| Miessner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles are sensitive to | touch and pressure |
| sensory receptors for all of the following adapt to repeated stimulation by sending fewer and fewer impulses, except for | pain |
| which events elicit pain from visceral organs | spasms of smooth muscle and stretching of visceral organ |
| sharp pain disappears when the pain stimulus is stopped is | acute pain |
| in what area of the brain do fibers terminate | reticular formation |
| pain suppressing substances found in the pituitary gland | endorphins |
| name the special senses | smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium, sight |
| receptors of taste and smell are examples of | chemoreceptors |
| olfactory receptors are located in | superior nasal conchae |
| impulses that stimulate the olfactory receptors are transmitted along the | olfactory nerve or tracts |
| the sensitive part of the taste bud is | taste hair |
| saliva enhances taste by | dissolving the chemicals and causing taste |
| four primary taste sensation | sweet, salty , bitter, sour |
| in addition to hearing the ear also functions in a sense of | equilibrium |
| functions in of small bones in middle ear are to | transmit vibrations from external ear to inner ear as well as increase the force of vibrations transmitted to inner ear |
| providing equal pressure on both sides of eardrum | eustachian tube or auditory tube |
| inner ear consists of two complex structures called | osseous and membranous labyrinth |
| hearing receptors are located | oragan of corti |
| hair cells of the vestibule are simulated by | bending the head forward or backward |
| organs dynamic equilibrium are | simicircular canals |
| muscles that raise the eyelid | levator palpebrae |
| conjunctiva covers the anterior surface of the eyeball except for the | cornea |
| superior rectus muscle rotates the eye | upward and toward the midline |
| the transparency of the cornea is due to | small number of cells and lack of blood vessels |
| posterior wall of the eyeball the sclera is pierced by | optical nerve |
| shape of the lens changes as the eye focuses on a close object in a process called | accommodation |
| the anterior chamber of the eye extends from _ to_ | cornea to the iris |
| part of the eye that controls amount of light entering the eye | pupil |
| inner tunic of the eye contains receptor cells of sight | retina |
| region associated with sharpest vision | fovea cetrails |
| bending of light waves as the pass at an oblique angle from a medium of one optical density to a medium of another optical density | refraction |
| two types of visual receptors | rods and cones |
| light sensitive pigment in rods | rhodospin |
| in the presence of light, this pigment decomposes to form _ and _ | opsin and retinal |
| some of the fibers of optic nerves cross within the | optic chiasma |
| what is projection | the process by which the brain causes a sensation to seem to come from the region of the body being stimulated |
| general senses are | widespread and associated with receptors in the skin, muscles, joints, and viscera |
| touch and pressure derive from 3 recptors | free nerve endings-responsible for itching tactile(meissner's)corpuscles-sensitive to light touch llamellated corpuscles-associated with deep pressure |
| visceral pain | may feel as it is coming from some part of the body other than source ie: heart attack |
| 2 types of pain nerve fibers | acute- sharp pain chronic-dull aching may be hard to pin point |
| awareness of pain arises when pain impulses reach the | thalamus |
| where is intensity of pain determined | cerebral cortex |
| boichemicals released to block pain signals | neuropeptides called enkephalins and monoamine serotonin |
| outer ear | 1.auricle-helps collect sound waves and directs them to 2.external acoustic meatus 3. eardrum |
| middle ear | contains 3 small bones auditory ossicles malleus incus stapes these bones transmit vibrations between eardrum and inner ear |
| auditory tube | connects middle ear to throat and maintains equal air pressure on both sides |
| name the two communicating labyrinth in the inner ear | osseous membraneous |
| semicircular canals | provide a sense of equilibrium |
| cochela | functions in hearing |
| spiral oragan | has hearing receptors called hair cells |
| what is the name of the organ responsible for hearing and what labyrinth is it located | cochela osseous labyrinth |
| what is the name of the organ responsible for static equilibrium and in what bony labyrinth is it located | vesibule, membranous labyrinth |
| what is the name of the receptor cell responsible for static equilibrium | hair cells |
| what is the organ responsible for dynamic(kinetic) equilibrium and what bony labyrinth is it located | semicircular canals and osseous labyrinth |
| name the receptor cell responsible for dynamic equilibrium | cupula (hair cells) |
| name the 3 accessory structures associated with vision | eye lid, lacrimal apparatus, extrinsic muscles |
| what are the 3 layers of the eye | outer, middle, inner |
| what layer of the eye contains blood vessels | middle |
| which layer protects the eye | outer |
| what layer of the eye contains photoreceptors | inner |
| what are two types of photoreceptor, | rods and cones |
| photoreceptor, where are they located in the retina, | pigmented epithelium |
| what are functions of cones | detect color and provide sharp images |
| what are functions of rods | provide vision in dim light without color |
| what are 2 humors of the eye and where are they located | aqueous humor is located in iris(middle layer) and vitreous humor is located in optic disc(inner layer) |
| what muscle , ligament , optical component of the eye function in accommodation | ciliary muscles, suspensory ligaments, and lens |
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