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Chapter3Monroe
Review Guide for Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Law of definite proportions | This states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by weight or mass |
| Law of conservation of mass | This states that mass cannot be created or destroyed during ordinary chemical and physical changes |
| Electron | a subatomic particle that has a negative charge |
| Nucleus | an atom's central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons |
| Proton | a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that composes the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge and that composes the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic number | the number of protons that compose the nucleus of an atom; this number is the same for all atoms of an element |
| Mass number | the sum of protons and neutrons of the nucleus of an atom |
| Isotope | an atom that has the same number of protons (atomic number) as other atoms of the same element but has a different number of neutrons (atomic mass) |
| Orbital | a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation |
| Ground state | the lowest energy state of a quantized system |
| Excited state | a state in which an atom has more energy than it does at its ground state |
| Quantum Number | a number that specifies the properties of electrons in an atom |
| Pauli Exclusion Principle | states that two particles of a certain class cannot be in the exact same energy state |
| Electron configuration | the arrangement of electrons in an atom |
| Aufbau Principle | states that the structure of each successive element is obtained by adding one proton to the nucleus of the atom and one electron to the lowest-energy orbital that is available |
| Hund's Rule | states that for an atom in the ground state, the number of unpaired electrons is the maximum possible and these unpaired electrons have the same spin |
| Atomic mass | the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units |
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