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Chapter 5
Electrons in Atoms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Electromagnetic Radiation | a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space. |
Wavelength | the shortest distance btween equivalent points on a continuous wave. |
Frequency | is the number of waves that pass a given point per second. |
Amplitude | the wave's height from the orgin to a crest, or from the orgin to a trough. |
Electromagnetic spectrum | called the EM spectrum encompasses all forms of electromagnetic radiation. |
Quantum | the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom. |
Planck Constant | has a value of 6.626x 10^34 J wheree J is the symbol for the joule, SI unit of energy. |
Photoelectric effect | electrons called photoelectrons are emitted from a metal's surface when a light of a certain frequency shines on the surface. |
Photon | a particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy. |
Atomic emission spectrum | the set of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of the element. |
Ground state | the lowest allowable state of an atom. |
De Broglie equation | all moving particles have wave characteristics. |
Heinsberg uncertainty principle | states that it is fundamentally impossible to know precisely both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time. |
Quantum mechanical model of the atom | the atomic model in which electrons are treated as a waves is called the wave mechanical model of the atom. |
Atomic orbital | a three-dimensional region around the nucleus. |
Principal quantum numbers | indicate the relative sizes and energies of atomic orbitals. |
Principal energy levels | the atom's major energy levels. |
Energy sublevels | contained in principal energy levels. |
Electron configuration | the arranfement of electrons in an atom. |
Aufbau principle | states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available. |
Pauli exclusion principle | states that a maximum of two electrons may occupy a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins. |
Hund's rule | states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbitals. |
Valence electrons | defined as electrons in the atom's outermost orbitals- generally those orbitals associated with the atom's highest principal energy level. |
Electron-dot structure | consist of the element's symbol, which represents the atomic nucleus and inner level electrons, surrounded by dots representing the atom's valence electrons. |