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meds respiratory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sympathomimetics: alpha & beta 2 Adernergic agonists | -activate the SNS realaxing bronchial smooth muscle and causing bronchodilation. Drug of chouce to relieve bronchspasm caused by actue asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema |
| sympathomimetics: alpha & beta 2 Adernergic agonists continue | high doses of beta 2 adrengic agents cause beta1 response (nervousness,tremors,tachycardia) |
| inhaled anticholinergic blockers | - block the parasympathetuc bervouse system resuling in bronhodilation-frequently combined w/ beta agonist in a single canister- side effects observed when administeded systemically rarly occur when administeded by inhalation |
| inhaled anticholinergic blockers | -diminishes mucus productions & edema resulting in reducing airway obstruction |
| examples of inhaled corticosteriods | -ipratropium (atrovent, combvient)-tiotropium (Spitiva)- Beciomethasone (beconase AQ, Ovar)- budesonie (Pulmicort)-Flunisolide (aerobid)-fluticasone (flovent)-Mometasone (asmanex)-trimcinolone (azmacort) |
| corticosteriods | -PO predinisone are given for the shortest length of time possible (5-7 days) or in the hospital settingg IV fir acute asthma exacerbation due to their dangerous adverse effects:-Hepatoxicity-increased aspartate aminotransferase(AST) serumenzymelivere |
| mast cell stabilizers | -used in prophylaxis of asthma and COPD-prevent degranulation of mast cell (contain inflammatory granules *histamines* that cause inflammatory and allergic reactions) -cromolyn (intal) -nedocromil (tilade) |
| leukotriene modifiers | -leukotrienes are mediators of the immune and inflammatory responses involved in allergic & ashmatic reactions-leukotrienes are syntesized by mast cells & neutrophills, basophils, & eosinophils which promote edema, inflammation & bronchoconstriction |
| leukotriene modifiers contiune | -block the enzyme that contols leukotriene syntehsis or block leukotriene receptors (safirlukast-accolate, minteleukast-singulair, zileuton- zyflo)-only come in PO form |
| methylaxanthines | modest bronchodilators- relazes smooth muscle promoting bronchodilations and suppresses stimuli that promote bronchospasm- reserved for long term managment of asthma and COPD |
| methylaxanthines continue | - narrow therapeutic index increases risk of toxicity especially in long term use (requires frequent serum level monitoring)-significant interactions with multiple drugs (theophylline, slo-phyllin, theochron, uniphyl) |
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