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Biology 3 exam
Test 3 need to pass
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| While study for an exam you reach for a beverage. To extend your arm, you__________ nervous system is activate. | Somatic |
| The door slams shut loudly and you flinch, after a few seconds, you realize that your heart is beating very rapidly and forcefully. This response is the result of your __________________ | Automatic |
| Complete the following analogy: Electrical wire is to electrical unsultaing tape as peripheral neurons are to: | Schwann Cells |
| Each neuron in our bodies has a life span of_____________________. | An average human life span |
| The portion of an axon that communicates with its target sell is the_____________ | Axon terminal |
| The Basis for differentiation between gray matter and white mater in the Central nervous sytems is the presence of ________________in white matter. | Myelinated fibers |
| As a general rule of thumb. The great the potential difference in charge between the two points, the ______________ Voltage. | Higher |
| In a living neuron, which component provides resistance to current flow? | The membrane |
| Sodium ion concentration in the cytoplasm of a neuron _______________when it voltage gated sodium channels open. | Increases |
| Depolarization of the neuron refers to: | A reduction in membrane potential |
| Neurons generally repolarize once the membrane potential reaches approximately +30 mv because? | Voltage-gated potassium channel gates open. |
| The location of which a neuron interacts with it target cell (either another neuron or a muscle cell etc) is called the _________________________. | Synapse |
| Which of the following synapse types is the most rapid? | Electrical synapse |
| Neurotransmitters are important in functioning of________________________synapse. | Chemical |
| The pons belongs to which major brain region? | Brain stem |
| The brain contain ____________________ventricles. | Four |
| The ___________ of the brain is the location of our conscious mind. | Cerebral cortex |
| Which are of the brain is the staging area for skilled motor activities? | Premotor Cortex |
| The Phrase left brain and right brain indicate that the two cerebral hemispheres display a phenomenon called? | Laterization |
| Cerebral white matter in each hemispheres is greatest in amount for? | communication between the two hemispheres. |
| Damaged basal nuclei, as in Parkinson’s disease result in_____________? | The inability to monitor the intensity of movements |
| Which of the following brain region is a major convergence are for most sensory input before it is sent on to the cerebral cortex? | Thalamus |
| In addition to its vital role in maintaining overall body hemostasis, which Brain region synthesizes two major body hormones? | Hypothalamus |
| Of the following brain regions, which if severely damaged would result in death? | Medulla oblongata |
| Professional ballet dancers have a particularly efficient | Cerebellum |
| Which of the following brain systems is heavily involved in mediating emotional responses? | Limbic system |
| If inhibited, which brain system would allow previously filter stimuli to enter our consciousness? | Reticular activating system |
| Which of the following brain wave forms, if present in an alert adult, would indicate brain damage? | Delta |
| Which of the following structures, if damaged would produce less cerebrospinal fluid? | Choroid Plexus |
| Which brain disorder is characterized by memory loss, shortened attention span, disorientation and eventual language loss? | Alzheimer disease |
| The______portion of the spinal cord controls muscle movement. | Ventral |
| A(n)______procedure might be performed to test for viral or bacterial meningitis. | Lumbar tap |
| Ascending tracts transmits ________________impulses while descending tracts conduct _________________impulses. | Sensory , Motor |
| Which image technique can localize brain lesions that generate seizures? | PET scans |
| Adult brains have 4 regions | Cerebral Hemispheres Diencephalon Brain stem which contains Midbrain , pons, medulla Cerebellum |
| Gray matter always has? | Neurons |
| White Matter is? | Myelinated |
| what fissure seperates the two hemispheres? | Longitudinal Fissure |
| What seperates the precentral Gryus of the frontal lobe and postcentral gryus of parietal lobe | Central Sulcus |
| Cerebral Cortex? | Is the executive suite of the brain conscious mind, awareness, sensory perception, voluntary , motor initation. |
| Cerebal is what percentage of the brain | 40% |
| Primary motor cortex is where | Precental Gryus |
| Premotor Cortex | anterior of the precenntal gryus frontal lobe |
| Broca area | anterior to inferior premotor area dominated hempishere is the left. Speach |
| vestibular cortex | conscious awareness |
| Substantia nigra | black substance can cause Parkinson disease. |
| Thalamus | 80% of diencephalon, relay station for information coming into the cortex |
| What there nerves move the eyeball | Abducens nerve , Oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve |
| What is the one nerve that leaves the body? | Vegus |
| What is the largest nerve | Vegus |
| Olfactory Nerve | Smell, sensory |
| Optic Nerve | Visual fuction |
| Oculomotor Nerve | the eye mover |
| Trochlear Nerve | Pully also moves the eye |
| Trigeminal Nerve | Largest Cranial Sensory and motor |
| Abucens Nerve | eye move makes eye turn |
| Facial nerve | Motory and sensory and taste function |
| Vestibulocochear nerves- | hearing and balance sensory nerve |
| Glosspharyngeal nerve- | motor and sensory swallow Taste is 7,9,10 |
| Vagus nerve | largest and the only one that leaves the head sensory and motor taste |
| Accessory nerve motor | motor head and neck |
| Hypoglossal nerve | motor nerve. |
| What are the three for taste | Facial nerve, Glossphatyneal, Vegus |
| ANS-effectors | invervates cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and glands |
| ANS | has two neurons |
| CNS | 1 neuron |
| What are the two neurons? | Preganglonic Postganglionic |
| Somatic nervous system | releases ACh Acetylcholine |
| Pregaglionic neuron | Cell body in central nervous with lightly myelinated |
| Postgaglionic neuron | cell body synapses with pregaglionic axon in automatic gaglion with nonmyelinated post gaglionic axon that extends to effector organ |
| Sympathetic divison | Fight or flight system |
| Two types of Cholinergic receptors bind | Nicotinic receptors-muscles in your smooth muscles, skeletal muscles |
| Muscarinic receptors | Glands all your glands breathing etc |
| Mechanoreceptor | touch, pressure, vibration and stretch |
| Thermoreceptors | respod to changes in temperature |
| photoceptors | responds to light |
| chemoreceptors | respondsto chemicals in solution |
| Nociceptors | responds to stimuli that causes pain |
| The three types of neurons | Sensory, motoe Interneurons |
| What is depolarization | decrease in membrance potential |
| What is Hyperpolarization | increase in membrane potential |
| Phrenic nerve | keeps you alive |
| sacral plexus | serves the buttocks, lower limb, pelvic structures, sciatic nerve |
| lumbar plexus | medial thigh, part of the abdominal wall, femoral and obturator nerve |
| What are dermatones? | area of skin innervated by cutaneous branches of spinal nerves |
| What is a vental root? | contains motor fibers |
| What is Dorsal root | Contains sensory fibers |
| Epithalamus | Contains the pineal gland Body, secretes melatone to help regulate sleeps wake cycle |
| Meninges | protects blood vessals contains cerebrospinal |
| Dura Mater | Top matter |
| Arachnoid mater (spider) | underneath contains CSF |
| Pia Matter | Touches the brain, Feeds the brain |
| Spinal fluid is made up of | water and plasma and protein and sugar |
Created by:
Hope03192008