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Philosophy final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of reality | Metaphysics |
| Plato was a student of (SPAAg) | Socrates |
| A verbal attempt to get other people to accept a belief\opinion by providing reasons why is an | Argument |
| Three view that ultimate reality is composed of stuff | Materialism |
| Aristotle invented _____ _ _______, determining how we think about things | Doctrine off categories |
| The belief that everything in the universe has a purpose | Teleology |
| This argument reasons from 1 statement to another by means of necessary logical reasoning | Deductive argument |
| Ahh inductive argument that is weak, has 1 or more false premises, or both is | Uncomment |
| The fallacy of ___ is when a general rule is applied to the case out was not intended to cover | Accident |
| A fallacy in which be conclusion is drawn from atypical sample | Hasty generalization |
| When the arguer conceals a premise not readily supported by the facts | Begging the question |
| A ___ _ __ is the starting point for ones beliefs,ideas, feelings, biases, etc. | Point of view |
| The study of questions concerning knowledge & truth is | epistemology |
| Socrates physical death was caused by | Drinking hemlock |
| Headlights associated ultimate reality with | Change |
| Anaximenes believed the most fundamental thing is | Air |
| Who proclaimed that water is the most basic " stuff" of the universe | Thales |
| Who said, " a unexamined life is not worth living" | Socrates |
| Who pursued scientific knowledge through research at v the academy? | Plato |
| When an argue distorts an argument & attacks the argument | The straw-man fallacy |
| What does philosophy mean? | The love of wisdom |
| When a conclusion depends on an unlikely chain reaction | Slippery slope |
| Hobbe's ___ is a type of materialism, limiting the self to simply the body | Reductionism |
| On figuring out if whether arguments are acceptable, you need to know that v the ___ for the conclusion\conclusion are both true | Support |
| Boh __ & ___ agreed that the enduring self is an illusion | Buddah, David Hume |
| An argument cannot be invalid and still be __ | Sound |
| " To know the good is to do the good" | Equates knowledge with virtue |
| " Getting to the bottom off things" | Philosophy |
| Leading b the listener of track | Red herring |
| __ did not believe change is an illusion and the universe is constant | Pythagoras |
| Who was known as the " Gadfly" for his constant irritating | Socrates |
| Who practiced relativity & used rhetoric on ancient Athens | Socrates |
| This fallacy is when the arbiter attacks their opponent in a way that is unrelated to the actual argument | Ad hominem |
| Who believed true wisdom is recognition of your own ignorance | Socrates |
| In training, we draw conclusions based on premises or | Support |
| The study of the general characteristic of ultimate reality | Metaphysics |
| According to Socrates, the ___ life is not worth living | unexamined |
| While deductive arguments show their conclusion to be necessarily true, inductive arguments show them to be ____ true. | probably |
| For Plato, conflicts within human nature often arise between emotions (spirit), and ____ | Appetites (desires) |
| For Plato, the soul, which is pure, rules over the ___, which is less pure | Body |
| " Havre you stopped cheating on exams?", Is an example of a ___ fallacy | Complex question |
| The science that evaluates arguments | Logic |
| In Aristotle's categories, ____ addresses the question of " what is?" | Substance |
| This fallacy can be detected through analyses of v the content of the argument | Informal |
| The reasoning expressed by an argument is | Inference |
| An appeal to ___, is when the arbiter threatens the listener | Force |
| A __ argument is a strong inductive argument that has all true premises | Cogent |
| A valid deductive argument that has all untrue premise is an __ argument | Unsound |
| Who assured that numbers are the "stuff"of the universe? | Pythagoras |
| " Murder is morally wrong. This being the case, abortion is morally wrong." This is | Begging the question |
| ___ said that " existence preceeds essence" | satre |
| What is the idea that there is no good by means of either belief or disbelief, | Atheism |
| ____ is the refusal to believe or disbelieve in God, due to lack of knowledge. | agnosticism |
| ___ is the worldview that sees no difference between the divine & the universe | pantheism |
| ____ attributes God certain human qualities | Anthromorphism |
| _____ is a quality given to God showing his knowledge of all (appropriate) things. | Omniscience |
| According to logical positivism for statements to be meaningful they must be ____ | Provable through empirical evidence. |
| According to Plato, the ___ causes the essence off a thing. | Form |
| According to _____, " whatever excites & stimulates our interests is real" | Pragmatic realists |
| Aristotle's combines master with form to compose ____ | Substance |
| Immanuel Kant called the ontological argument a ____; due to it's lack of clarity | Tautology |
| Aquina's argument from design for God's existence is also called the ____ argument | Teleological |
| The stance that all things are determined, but men are also responsible for their action is | compatibilism |
| ____ idealism asserts that three concious mind & it's perceptions are the only reality | Berkley's |
| Aristotle's idea that everything in the universe b has its own unique purpose is | Entelechy |
| Anselm's argument assumes as a premise, what it attempts to prove, ___ | God's existence |
| Aquina's argument depends on the premise that_________ | An infinite chain of movers cannot exist |
| Philosophers who raise the evidential problem of evil claim: | There is a contradiction between the existence o evil & an all powerful God |
| For Hume, evil is the opposite of good, and: | Inn direct opposition of God's existence |
| An ___ refuses to make a commitment regarding the belief in God | Agnostic |
| Determinism eliminates choice, therefore eliminating ____ | Responsibility |
| According to William James:decision is | Not determined by biological forces |
| Plato did not believe in: | Immortality of the soul |
| In the " wager" and Jane's pragmatism, not believing in God: | Has negative effects |
| The transdence off God accounts for; | his uniqueness from creation |
| According to Plato, we live in a world of | Becoming |
| Who argued that God's being is " no-one that which greater can be conceived". | Anselm |
| According to Plato,knowledge is a ___ of the forms | Recollection |
| Traditionally, the West views God being completely ____ of creation | Independent |
| Plato's "allegory of the cave" shows how ____ the world of being (the forms) is | Real |
| Who was a vocal critic off the teleological argument due to an imperfect universe | Hume |
| ___ addresses the question " for what end is it made?" | Final cause |
| A.J.Ayer argued that we should use the ____ to determine if a statement has meaning | Verification principle |
| According to Plato, the world of ___, not the visible world of actual things is most real | Ideas |
| According to Aristotle, we never find ___ without form, or form without matter. | Matter |
| ___ cause determines what a thing is, asking the question " what id's it?" | Final |
| According to hard determinism, everything including your will id's caustically | determined |
| According to Satre, " we are ___ to be free " | Condemned |
| God's evident applicability, and know-ability it's down on God's ____ | Immenence |
| Aquina's cosmological argument begins with his proof from ___ | motion |
| In the teleological argument, ___ must direct those things that have no intelligence themselves. | intelligence |
| Kant proposed that b it is ___ necessary to assume the existence of God. | morally |
| William James argued that we lose vital ____ of we choose to disbelieve God | good |
| The book of job serves as a ____ for theists, justifying the belief in God | theodacy |
| Augustine argued that ___ is the probation of goodness, not the opposite of good | Evil |
| ___ emphasize the highest good for the greatest number. | Utilitarians |
| _____ concluded that all our knowledge comes from experience | Locke |
| ____ asserted that reason lends us to clear& distinct , innate ideas | Descartes |
| ___ claim that pursuit of one's own interest is what constitutes the true good | Ethical egoist |
| ____ is the way of reason asserting that at least some of our knowledge can be acquired apart from the senses | Rationalism |
| ___ is the way of experience, explaining that all of our knowledge comes from experience | Empiricism |
| __ emphasized that categorical imperative as duty for duty's sake | Kant |
| ____ assert that what is right in one place or time may be wrong on another | Relativism |
| ___ say that there is but 1 eternally true & valid moral code for all | Absolutists |
| ___ emphasized use of the happiness calculus to determine the total good of a choice | Bentham |
| ____ is a powerful 3rd party peacekeeper to establish & maintains order in a socity | Leviathan |
| Life's & Rousseau's social contracts are | Based on the belief that all men are created free and equal |
| Plato's idea of justice is | Based on a person performing his task |
| Aristotle's idea of justice is | Attempting to issue fairness between 2 parties |
| Locke allowed for probability or degrees of assent, therefore by using ____ reasoning | Inductive |
| Hedonist find what to be intrinsically good? | Pleasure |
| Aristotle argues that happiness is the ultimate end because ____. | @@aol other ends are sought for the sake of happiness |
| Descartes looked to ___ as a method to arrive at the truth. | Mathmatics |
| ____did not agree with June that all of our knowlege begins with\arises out of experience | Kant |
| Aristotle asserts that the ___ is primary for the individual | State |
| The ________ ____ determines individual behavior based on what ought to be universal law | categorical imperative |
| ___ is doing good for its own sake | Deontology |
| Who said that " a man is the measure of all things" | Protagoras |
| Locke rejected the notion of _____ | Intuition |
| Marx was influenced by ____ dialects materialism in his formation of socialism | hegels |
| Someone following ___ advice would have to take into account the intensity, duration, &certainty of pleasure\pain resulting from an action | Benthams |
| According to ___ truth exists outside the mind, as an eternal reality | Berkley |
| ___ believed causality was meaningless due to lack of empirical evidence | Hume |
| ___ would say that morality must be based on reason, not feelings. | Kant |
| Aquinas purported that laws of nature are ____ to human created laws | Primary |
| Nathan's principle of ____ says one should always act to promote the greatest good for the greatest number | Utility |
| According to Kant, for a man to be ____ he must believe in some universal moral code | Rational |
| Nietzsche said that " a ____ of truth hangs over every person" | Tablet |
| Rousseau said that " man is ___ free & everywhere is in chains." | born |
| Descartes "cogito ergo sum" is translated to | I think therefore I am |
| Kierkegaard illustrated true good in the faith-fueled actions of ____ in genisis | Abraham |
| Leibniz said our senses serve as _____ to what we know innatley | reminders |
| Lockes concept of tabula Rasa is best translated to mean: | Blank slate |
| ___ is the immediate knowledge of something inate | Intuition |
| According to plato, knowledge is more ____ than learning something for the first time | Recollection |
| ____ ethics is recognizing how behavior ought to be rather than simply how it is. | Normative |
| ___, according to Aristotle is the means between 2 extremes of an emotion or action. | Virtue |
| Any Rand stated that ____ discourages us from fulfilling our greatest potential | Altruism |
| Natural law opponents like Aquinas believe morality comes from the ____ | Divine |
| Plato's Republic claims that the____-___ should be the ruler of the republic | Philosophers king |
Created by:
BriBri_33