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Respiratory System

Ch. 11- Respiratory

Question	Answer
The respiratory system	provides oxygen to body cells for energy
Respiration	to transport air into the lungs and to facilitate the diffusion of Oxygen into the blood stream.
External respiration	movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and movement of carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs
Oxygen is	inhaled into the lungs
Oxygen passes	through the alveoli of the lungs into the pulmonary bloodstream
Carbon dioxide passes	from the blood through the same capillaries into the lungs and is exhaled
Internal respiration	movement of oxygen from the blood to the tissue cells and movement of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to the blood
Inhaled oxygen circulates	from the pulmonary bloodstream in the lungs, back through the heart, to the systemic bloodstream, to the body cells
The three major parts of the respiratory sytem	the airway, the lungs, and the muscles of respiration.
The airway includes	nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
The airway	carries air between the lungs and the body’s exterior
The entrance to the nose	nostrils or nares
Air enters the body	through the nose and mouth
The nose	filters & cleans inspired air
The nasal cavity is	divided into left and right chambers by a dividing wall called the septum
The paranasal sinuses are	hollow areas or cavities within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses are	lined with mucous membranes
Cilia are	hair-like projections on mucous membranes
The cilia	sweep dirt and foreign material toward throat for elimination
The pharynx	airway that connects the mouth and nose to the larynx
The throat is the	pharynx
Epiglottis	covers the opening of larynx when swallowing
Nasopharynx	behind the nose; contains the adenoids
Oropharynx	behind the mouth; contains the palatine tonsils
Laryngopharynx	behind the larynx
Nasopharynx allows for	air passage
Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx allow for	air, food, and drink to pass
Larynx	contains the vocal cords, which vibrate as air passes through the space between them (glottis), producing sound
The Larynx	Connects the pharynx with the trachea
Known as the voice box	larynx
The larynx	forms the adam's apple
The trachea	extends into the chest and serves as a passageway for air to the bronchi
The windpipe	trachea
Bronchioles	smallest branches of the bronchi
Trachea branches into two tubes called	the bronchi
The bronchioles	are air sacs
The Lungs	two cone-shaped, spongy organs consisting of the alveoli, blood vessels, elastic tissue, and nerves
The left lung	has 2 lobes
Right Lung	has 3 lobes
Apex	uppermost part of lung
Base	lower part of lung
Hilum	portion in midline region of the lung where blood vessels, nerves, and bronchial tubes enter and exit the lungs
Pleura	double-folded membrane that surrounds the lungs
Parietal Pleura	outer layer of pleura, which lines thoracic cavity
Visceral Pleura	inner layer of pleura, which covers lungs
Pleural Space	small space between the pleural membranes
Inhalation equals	inspiration
Eupnea	normal breathing
Apnea	without breathing
Dyspnea	difficult breathing
Inspection	visual examination of the external surface of the body as well as of its movements and posture
Palpation	process of examining, by application of the hands or fingers to the external surface of the body, to detect evidence of disease or abnormalities in the various organs
Auscultation	process of listening for sounds within the body, usually to the sounds of the thoracic or abdominal viscera, to detect some abnormal condition, or to detect fetal heart sounds
Percussion	use of the fingertips to tap the body lightly but sharply to determine the position, size, and consistency of an underlying structure and the presence of fluid or pus in a cavity
Bradypnea	abnormally slow breathing
Hyperpnea	increased rate & depth of breathing in response to exercise, pain
Orthopnea	dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down
Cough	Forceful and sometimes violent expiratory effort preceded by a preliminary inspiration
Nonproductive cough	dry cough
Productive cough	wet cough
Cyanosis	slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin due to the presence of abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood
Dysphonia	difficulty in speaking
Epistaxis	nosebleed
Expectoration	act of spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the air passageways leading to the lungs
Hemoptysis	expectoration of blood arising from the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs
Hypercapnia	increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
Hypoxemia	Insufficient oxygenation of the blood
Hypoxia	Deficiency of oxygen
Kussmaul respirations	very deep, gasping type of respiration usually associated with severe diabetic acidosis
Rales	abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest, produced by passage of air through bronchi that contain secretion or exudate or that are constricted by spasm or a thickening of their walls
Pleural Rub	friction rub caused by inflammation of the pleural space; noted on auscultation
Rhinorrhea	thin, watery discharge from the nose
Rhonchi	rattlings in the throat, produced by the passage of air through obstructed airways
Sneeze	expelling air forcibly through the nose and mouth by spasmodic contraction of muscles of expiration due to irritation of nasal mucosa
Stridor	harsh sound (usually noted during inhalation); high pitched and resembling the blowing of wind, due to the obstruction of air passages
Yawning	Deep, prolonged breath that can be caused by a drop in oxygen levels
Pertussis	acute upper respiratory infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Bordetello pertussis
Asthma	paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing; caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane
Emphysema	chronic pulmonary disease characterized by increase beyond the normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, either from dilation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls
Influenza	highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract transmitted by airborne droplet infection
Pneumothorax	collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity
Tuberculosis	infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Anthracosis	accumulation of carbon deposits in the lungs due to breathing smoke or coal dust
Asbestosis	lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles, latency may be 20 years or more
Byssinosis	lung disease resulting from inhalation of cotton, flax, and hemp
Brown lung disease	byssinosis
Silicosis	lung disease resulting from inhalation of silica (quartz) dust, may cause secondary emphysema
Hypertrophy	Hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart (with or without failure) resulting from disorders of the lungs, pulmonary vessels, or chest wall
Pulmonary edema	an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, either in the alveoli or the interstitial spaces
Pulmonary embolism	obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus dislodged from another location and carried through the venous system to the pulmonary vessels
Pneumonia	inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants
Pleural Effusion	accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, resulting in compression of the underlying portion of the lung, with resultant dyspnea
Lung Abscess	localized collection of pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by leukocytes that have migrated to the area to fight infection
Hyaline Membrane Disease	severe impairment of respiration in a premature newborn, also known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Empyema	pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity
Pleuritis	inflammation of both the visceral and parietal pleura

Created by: MsKim6399

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