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IPC Test 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Amorphous | a non-crystalline solid having no orderly arrangement of molecules |
| Cleavage | a clean break parallel to planes of weakness in a crystal |
| Crystal | a solid form resulting from the arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in definite geometric patterns |
| Fracture | a break that does not follow a flat surface, but rather is rough and uneven |
| Hardness | resistance to being scratched |
| Mineral | a single chemical compound or element that is found in nature |
| Toughness | the amount of kinetic energy that a material can absorb without breaking |
| Brittle | a substance with little elasticity which fails (ruptures) quickly once a crack develops |
| Ceramic | a hard, brittle, heat- and corrosion-resistant material made by subjecting a nonmetallic mineral mixture to intense heat |
| Composite | a carbon fiber embedded in a polymer resin matrix |
| Ductile | capable of being pulled into wires |
| Elastic Deformation | reversible alteration of the form or dimensions of a solid body under stress |
| Hydrogen Bond | a type of intermolecular bond that forms between different polar molecules or between polar parts of the same molecule |
| Malleable | ability to be hammered into shapes |
| Plastic Deformation | deformation that remains after the load causing it is removed; permanent deformation |
| Plastics | man-made materials derived from carbon compounds, mostly oil and petroleum products |
| Polymer | a long, chainlike molecule made up of repeating units joined end-to-end |
| Strain | the quantity that characterizes how a solid is deformed due to a stress |
| Strength | the resistance of a material to failure (rupture or breaking in two) |
| Stress | the force required to deform an object |
| Tensile Strength | ability to which a material can withstand a stretching stress without breaking |
| Thermoplastics | plastics that have high elongations and can be recycled |
| Thermosets | plastics that have low elongations and cannot be recycled |
| Atomic Core | the nucleus of an atom plus its non-valence electrons |
| Electrical Conduction | the transfer of electrical current through a solid (or liquid) |
| Insulators | material that either does not conduct electricity at all or has a very low conductivity |
| Semiconductors | substances that are intermediate in their ability to conduct electricity |
| Superconductors | solids with abnormally high electrical conductivity |
| Diffusion | the overall movement of suspended or dissolved particles resulting from the random movements of individual particles |
| Fluid | any material that flows and offers little resistance to change in shape when under pressure |
| Fractional Distillation | the separation of solution components (fractions) based on boiling points |
| Liquid | a material that has a fixed volume but whose shape depends on the container |
| Liquid Crystal | a material that shows some properties of solids and some properties of liquids |
| Miscible | ability of certain liquids to dissolve in each other |
| Thermal Expansion | the change in volume in relation to change in temperature |
| van der Waals forces | weak intermolecular bonds that form between polar parts of neighboring particles |
| Viscosity | a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow |
| Fluid Pressure | the force that fluids exert on the surfaces of objects |
| Force | an effect that changes the motion (velocity or direction) of an object with mass |
| Hydraulic Lift | a large and a small chamber connected by a tube, filled with fluid, and used to produce large forces |
| Weight | a force equal to the mass of an object x acceleration of gravity |
| Buoyant Force | the difference between the upward force acting on the lower surface and the downward force acting on the upper surface of a submerged object |
| Adhesion | the attraction between unlike substances |
| Capillary Action | the movement of liquids through the spaces of materials |
| Cohesion | attraction of one particle in a material for another |
| Evaporation | vaporization of a liquid below its boiling point; occurs mostly at the surface of the liquid |
| Surface Tension | attraction between molecules at the surface of a liquid column |
| Toughness | the amount of kinetic energy that a material can absorb without breaking; the energy required to crack a material |
Created by:
Muddee
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