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ch 21
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the term for a directional position that is farther away from the midline of the body? | lateral |
| how are bones directionally positioned to the skin | deep |
| how are the knees positioned to the hip? | caudal |
| the position toward the front of the body is what? | anterior |
| the brain is what to the nose? | dorsal |
| the position closest to the midline of the body is what? | medial |
| in what directional position is the skin relative to the muscles? | superficial |
| which of the following describes a position close to the point of attachment or to the trunk of the body? | proximal |
| which plane divides the body into inferior and superior portons? | transverse |
| which plane divides the body into right and left portions? | sagittal |
| which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions? | frontal |
| what plane divides the body equally into right and left halves? | midsagittal |
| what releases hydroxyl ions in water? | bases |
| when positively or negatively charged particles are released by electrolytes, they are called what? | ions |
| when put in water what releases positively or negatively charged ions? | electrolytes |
| which of the following releases hydrogen ions in water? | acids |
| what is the term for the overall chemical functioning of the body? | metabolism |
| which of the following is primarily used to make energy? | carbohydrates |
| which substances are the structural materials for building solid body parts? | proteins |
| the genetic information for the body is located in what? | DNA |
| which of the following is usually found near the center of the cell and contains the chromosomes? | nucleus |
| carrier molecules help move substances from an area of high concentration by what? | active transport |
| when some type of pressure forces substances across a membrane what is it called? | filtration |
| what is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane? | osmosis |
| water moves toward a higher concentration of solutions by what? | osmosis |
| which of these genetic disorders, in which clotting factors are missing, primarily affects males? | hemophilia |
| which is the inability to synthesize the enzyme needed to produce tyrosine? | phenlketonuria(PKU) |
| the disorder in which a person is born without pigmentation in the skin, eyes, & hair is what? | albinism |
| which type of tissue covers the body & most organs? | epithelial |
| which type of tissue are cells separated by a matrix? | connective |
| what type of tissue specializes in sending electrical messages? | nervous |
| glandular tissue is classified as a type of what tissue? | epithelial |
| which type of tissue is able to contract and relax? | muscle |
| cartilage is which type of tissue that gives shape to structures such as the ears & nose? | connective |
| which of these tissues can be voluntary r involuntary in its action? | muscle |
| which tissue is located in the brain & the spinal cord? | nervous |
| in medical terminology, the word part @ the end of the word, which alters the meaning of the word root, is what? | suffix |
| what word part is added to the beginning of a medical term that alters the meaning of the word root | prefix |
| which of the following terms means to surgically remove the colon? | colectomy |
| which term means rapid breathing? | tachypnea |
| mrs. frantello brings her 3yr old con David to the office because he seems a little behind other children his age. david has a rather long face with large ears. what test should be done? | aminocentesis |
| vince is a 24yr old diabetic patient who has come to the office complaining of infertility. you check his vital signs & discover that his blood pressure, temp, & respiration are normal. he is 6ft 4in tall & weighs 235lbs. what is his disorder? | klinefelter's syndrome |
| george is a 10yr old new patient who was brought to the office by his father because george's teacher noted that george may have a hearing impairment. you note that he has a flat face w slanting eyes & his tongue protrudes slightly. george has what | down syndrome |
| when substances move across a cell membrane w the help of carrier molecules what is it called? | active transport |
| homologous chromosomes carry the same genes that code for a particular trait; but the genes may be different forms, called what? | alleles |
| when small molecules combine to form larger ones this is called? | anabolism |
| the 3rd stage of mitosis is called? | anaphase |
| what plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions? | |
| the simplest units of all matter are called? | atoms |
| homologous chromosomes are also known as | autosomes |
| the study of matter & chemical reactions in the body is called? | biochemistry |
| the conversion of glycogen to glucose molecules for energy is an example of one of the processes of metabolism, called what? | catabolism |
| what is it called when anatomical direction is below or close to the feet? | caudal |
| the smallest living units of the body are? | cells |
| what are 2 cylindrical organelles near the nucleus that are essential to cell division because they equally distribute chromosomes to the resultant "duaghter" cells.? | centrioles |
| the study of what matter is made of & how it changes is called? | chemistry |
| the cell nucleus contains what? | chromosomes |
| hair-like projections on the outside of the cell membrane are called what? | cilia |
| the term used to describe inherited traits that are determined by multiple genes is called what? | complex inheritance |
| what is formed when 2 or more atoms of more than 1 element are combined? | compound |
| what anatomical direction is above or close to the head? | cranial |
| cells reproduce by cell division, a process that involves splitting the nucleus through mitosis or meiosis, & what else? | cytokinesis |
| what part of the cell is the "inside" of the cell & is mostly made of water, proteins, ions, & nutrients? | cytoplasm |
| the most internal of the anatomical directions is what? | deep |
| what is the muscle that separates the thoracic & abdominopelvic cavites? | diaphragm |
| the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called? | diffusion |
| the toes are inferior & what to the knees? | distal |
| what body structure is toward the back of the body? | dorsal |
| when put in water, what releases ions? | electrolytes |
| what gland secretes its product directly into tissue, fluids, or blood | endocrine |
| what forms networks or passageways to transport substances throughout the cytoplasm? | endoplasmic reticulum |
| if a gland secretes its product into a duct, such as with a sweat or sebaceous gland,it is called what? | endocrine gland |
| what term refers to the thigh? | femoral |
| when some type of pressure, such as gravity or blood pressure, forces substances across a membrane that acts like a filter what is this called? | filtration |
| what is the tail-like structure found on the human sperm cell that provides its "swimming" type of locomotion? | flagellum |
| medical pros often use the following terms to describe how the body is divided into sections: sagittal, midsagittal, & what? | frontal |
| a segment of DNA that determines a body trait is what? | gene |
| a cell's what is known to synthesize carbohydrates and is thought to prepare & store secretions for discharge from the cell? | golgi appartus |
| small molecules that generally do not contain carbon & hydrogen make up what matter? | inorganic |
| a cell that carries out its normal daily functions & is not divided is said to be in what? | interphase |
| in directional terms, the ears are posterior & what to the nose? | lateral |
| what performs the digestive function for the cell? | lysosomes |
| the matter that is between the cells of connective tissue is known as what? | matrix |
| anything that takes up space & has weight is called? | matter |
| the nose is what position to the ears? | medial/anterior |
| reproductive cell division is called? | meiosis |
| what is the overall chemical functioning of the body called? | metabolism |
| the 2nd stage of mitosis is? | metaphase |
| what plane/section runs lengthwise down the midline of the body & divides it into equal left & right halves? | midsagittal |
| the organelles that provide energy for the cell & are centers for cell respiration are what? | mitochondria |
| following interphase, a cell may enter what? | mitosis |
| atoms that bond together make up what? | molecules |
| sometimes when DNA is duplicated, errors called what occur? | mutations |
| the nerve tissue cells that are smaller, more abundant, & act as support cells for the neurons, even though they don't transmit impulses, are called what? | neuroglial cells |
| the largest nerve tissue cells, which transmit impulses are called? | neurons |
| what is the part of a cell that contains DNA? | nucleus |
| 2 or more tissue types combine to form what? | organs |
| matter that contains carbon & hydrogen is known as what? | organic matter |
| when organ systems combine they form what? | organism |
| 2 or more tissue types combine to form organs, & organs combine to form? | organ systems |
| the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell membrane is called what? | osmosis |
| zygote is formed when a sperm & what is united? | ovum/egg/oocyte |
| what is the 1st stage of mitosis? | prophase |
| how is the elbow positioned to the fingers? | proximal |
| in the cytoplasm of the cell, what is responsible for protein synthesis? | ribosomes/RNA molecules |
| what plane divides the body into left & right portions? | sagittal |
| the 23rd pair of chromosomes are called? | sex chromosomes |
| traits that are carried on the sex chromosomes are called? | sex-linked/sex linked traits |
| a structure that is closer to the surface of the body than a 2nd structure is what to the 2nd structure? | superficial |
| the final stage of mitosis is called? | telophase |
| when cells of the same type organize together, they form? | tissues |
| what plane divides the body into superior(upper) & inferior(lower) portions? | transverse |
| what contains the genetic information of cells & is found in the nucleus of the cell? | DNA |
| what is the organic matter makes proteins & can move between the nucleus & cytoplasm of the cells? | RNA |
| plymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a quick, easy method for making millions of copies of any fragment of what? | DNA |
| what is the same for every cell, tissue, & organ? | a person's DNA |
| what is a reliable method for identifying & distinguishing among humans to establish paternity suspects in criminal cases? | DNA fingerprinting |
| all medical terms have what?(base meaning of the term) | word root/root word |
| the scientific term for the study of body structure is called? | anatomy |
| the scientific term for the study of the function of the body's organs is called? | physiology |
| the relative consistency of the body's internal environment is called? | homeostasis |
| when homeostasis isn't maintained in the body what develops? | diseases |
| the heart & blood vessels unit to form what? | the cardiovascular system |
| what cavity contains the lungs, heart, esophagus, & trachea? | thoracic |
| the bladder & internal reproductive organs are located in what cavity? | pelvic |
Created by:
helenavista