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Biology Module-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aborption | The transport of dissolved subtances into cells |
| Digestion | The breakdown of absorbed substances |
| Respiration | The breakdown of food molcules with a release of energy |
| Excretion | The removal of soluble waste materials |
| Egestion | The removal of nonsoluble waste materials |
| Secretion | The release of biosynthesized substances |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining the status quo |
| Reproduction | Producing more cells |
| Cytology | The study of cells |
| Cell wall | A ridgid stucture on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells |
| Middle lamella | The tine film between the cell walls od adjacent plant cells |
| Plasma membrane | The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cells surroundings |
| Cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| Ions | Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons |
| Cytoplasmic streaming | The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cells contents |
| Mitochondria | The orgabeles in which nutrients are converted to energy |
| Lysosome | The organelle in animal cells repsonible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, plysaccharides, disaccharides and come lipids |
| Ribosomes | Non-membrane-bounded organelles repsonible for protein synthesis |
| Endoplasmic reticulu, | An organelle composesd of an extensive network of folded membranes that preforms several tasks within a cel |
| Rough ER | ER that is dotted with ribosomes |
| Smooth ER | ER that has no ribosomes |
| Leucplassts | Organelles that store starches or oils |
| Cromoplasts | Organelles that contain pigemts used in photosynthesis |
| Central vacuole | A large vauole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration os solutes |
| Waster vacuoles | Vacuoles that contain the water products of digestion |
| Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells |
| Phagocytic vacuole | A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs |
| Pinocytic vesicle | Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the abosrption of large molecules |
| Secretion vesicle | Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released. |
| Microtubules | Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure |
| Nuclear membrane | A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm |
| Chromatin | Clusters of DNA RNA and proteins in the nucleus of a cell |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement |
| Microfilaments | Fine, threadlike proteins dounf in the cells cytoskeleton |
| Intermediate filaments | Threadlike proteins in the cells cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments |
| Phospholipid | A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group. |
| Passive transport | Movement of molecules through plasma membran according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion |
| Active transport | Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane aided by a process that requires energy |
| Isotonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution |
| Hypertonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is reat then that of the cell that resides in the solution |
| Plasmolysis | Collapse of a walled cells cytpplasm due to lack of water |
| Cytolosis | The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure |
| Hypotonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less then that of the cell that resides in the solution |
| Activation energy | Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going |
| Name the organelles that play a role in biosynthesis | Ribosome, Smooth ER, Rough ER, Chloroplast, Leucoplast, golgi bodies, nucleus |
| What helps the cell holds its shape if it does not have a cell wall? | Cytoskeleton and ER |
| How does a plant cell fight osmosis in a hypotonic solution? | Central vacuole |
| A cell contains centrioles and lysosomes. Is it plant or animal? | Animal |
| What organelles are involved in secretion? | Cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, golgi body, secretion vesicle. |
| What things in the cell deal with cellular movement? | Cytoplasm, Smooth ER, Rough ER, Centriols, cytoskeleton and golgi bodies secretion vesicle and waste vacuoles |
| What are the 11 major tasks cells must perform? | Absorbtion, Digestion, Movement, Reproduction, Homeostasis, Egestion, Respiration, Biosynthesis, Excretion, Secretion, Iritability |
| What is the difference between a phospholipid and a regular lipid? | A phospholipid is a lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group. |
| What makes it possible for the plasma membrane to self-asseble? | The hydrophilic and hydrophobic acids |
| A cell beings running low on food, and its energy output decreases by 20%. What kind of plasma membrane transport is affected? | Active transport |
| If a cell dies by implosion, what kind of solution was it in? | Hypertonic |
| List the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration in the order in which they occur. In addition note the net # of ATPs that are made in each step | 1. Glycolysis 2. fromation of acetyl coenzyme A 3. Kerbs cycle 4. Electron transport system |
| What is ATPs purpose in the cell? | Stores and releases energy |
| IF a cell has no oxygen, what stage(s) of areobic cellular respiration can still run? How many ATPs can it make from a molecule of glucose? | Gylcolysis |
| A scientist determines a means to extract all ADP from a cell. Why will this kill the cell? | Because the energry from the ADP acomplishes most of the tasks in a cell |
| What organelle is responsible for breaking polysaccharides into monosaccharides? | Lysosomes |
| What is a plasma membrane made of? | Protien, Cholesterol, Phosolipids |
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