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Ch. 7- Muscular Sys
Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscular System has | 600 muscles |
| Muscles store | Glucose. Muscles use stored glucose for energy. As glucose is used, heat is produced and warms the body |
| The muscular system | Supports and maintains body posture |
| Tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
| Fascia | Sheets of fibrous connective tissue around muscle fibers |
| Contractions of the muscular system | provide heat and permit movement |
| Muscles are made up of | Muscle tissue |
| Three types of Muscle Tissue | Skeletal (Striated), Smooth (Visceral), Cardiac |
| Smooth Muscle | is found in the walls of hollow organs and tubes |
| Skeletal Muscle | attaches to bones and tendons |
| Skeletal muscle | operates under conscious control |
| Smooth Muscle | is not under conscious control |
| Cardiac Muscle | forms the wall of the heart |
| Cardiac Muscle is | not under conscious control |
| Buccinator | cheek muscle; fleshy part of cheek |
| Temporal | Above and near ear |
| Masseter | chewing muscle; allows to open and close mouth |
| Sternocleidomastoid | major muscles of the neck and upper back;from sternum alongside neck; raises breastbone |
| Trapezius | Across the back of the shoulder |
| Ligaments | flexible, fibrous tissue that supports organs and connects bone to bone joints |
| Origin | end of muscle nearest to the body |
| Insertion | end of a muscle furthest from the center of the body |
| Abduction | away from the midline |
| Adduction | towards the midline |
| Circumversion | rotation of an extremity in a circular motion |
| Eversion | Movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane |
| Inversion | Movement of the sole of the foot toward the median plane |
| Dorsiflexion | the act of bending backward |
| Plantar Flexion | movement of the foot that flexes the foot or toes downward toward the sole |
| Flexion | the bending of a limb or joint |
| Extension | the act of straightening or extending a flexed limb |
| Frontalis | forehead muscles; when raised expresses a look of surprise- when lowered expresses a stern gaze |
| Latissmus Dorsi | from vertebrae of lower back; allows to extend and adduct the arm. SWIMMING |
| Pectoralis Major | crosses upper part of chest; allows adduction of arm |
| Deltoid | covers shoulder joint; allows abduction of the arm |
| Biceps Brachii | Originates from scapula; flexing of the lower arm |
| Triceps Brachii | Originates from scapula and humerus; straightening of elbow |
| 2 headed muscle | biceps brachii |
| 3 headed muscle | triceps brachii |
| Gluteus Maximus | originates from the ilium and inserts at the femur; extends the thigh |
| Gluteus Medias | originates from the posterior ilium, upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus |
| Quadriceps Femoris | forms anterior part of thigh; extension of the thigh |
| Quadriceps Femoris | group of 4 msucles |
| Hamstring | group of 3 muscles |
| Hamstring | posterior part of the thigh; flexion of the leg on the thigh and extension of the thigh |
| Gastrocnemius | main calf muscle; attached to heel bone via achilles tendon; plantar flexion of foot ans toes |
| Tibialis Anterior | front of leg; turns foot upward; dorsiflexion |
| Buccinator | allows for whistling and smiling |
| Temporal | side of face; allows for chewing |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Bending tour neck and turning head side to side |
| Trapezius | allows for shrugging |
| Controlled by the Autonomic Nervous System | Cardiac muscle |
| Controlled by hormones and the Autonomic Nervous System | Smooth muscle |
| Works in pairs; contracting/relazing | Skeletal muscles |
| Striated Muscle | Skeletal muscle |
| Visceral Muscle | Smooth muscle |
| Cartilage | covers joint surfaces; cushions |
| Joint | area where 2 bones connect |
| Synovial fluid | lubricates joint; provides nourishment to the cartilage and helps reduce friction |
| Muscle contractions produces | nearly 85% of heat production |
| Joints determine | degree of movement |
| Suture | immovable joint; binds bones together |
| Hinge Joint | allows for a back and forth type motion |
| Ball and Socket joint | allows for movement in many directions around a central point |
| cartilaginous Joint | bones are connected by cartilage |
| Standing on tiptoes | Gastrocnemius Muscle |
| Walking on the heels of the feet | Tibialis Anterior |
| Supports much of the body's weight and enables us to stand erect | Gluteus Maximus |
| Obucularis oris | located in the upper lip; allows for whistling, kissing, smiling, pouting, or grimacing with pain |
| Obicularis oculi | located around the eyes; allows for a complete frown, squint, or wink |
| Supination | turning palm up or forward |
| Pronation | turning palm down or backward |
| Joints are also known as | Articulations |
| Sprain | traumatic injury to a ligament |
| Strain | tear, partial tar, overuse, or overstretching of a muscle/tendon |
| Bursae | fluid filled sacs; located where muscles and tendons move over bony joint areas. Their function is to reduce friction caused by muscles and tendons moving against skin and bones, as well as to facilitate movement |
| Rectus abdominis | abdominal muscles; supports abdomen; flexes lumbar vertebrae |
| Pectoralis minor | chest muscle; draws shoulder downward |
| Serratus anterior | muscles on one side of ribcage; pulls lower end of scapula forward |
| external oblique | rotates the trunk; pulls the chest downwards |
Created by:
MsKim6399