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POL Test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A ____ is a nonprofit independent group that receives and disburses funds to influence elections. | 501c(4) committees. |
| A recent comprehensive study of the decline in political participation in the United States found that half of the drop-off could be accounted for by | reduced mobilization efforts. |
| From the end of the Civil War to the 1890s, the Republican Party remained the party of | the North |
| In the case of Buckley v. Valeo, the Supreme Court ruled that | there could be no limits placed on candidates’ expenditure of their own funds, since such spending is considered free speech. |
| An election system that allocates to each political party representation in the legislature equal to its percentage of the total vote is called a ____ system. | plurality election |
| Nonprofit groups that also engage in issue advocacy and are allowed to spend up to half of their revenue for political purposes are called | 527 committees. |
| Presidential primary elections are held to select | state delegates to the national conventions. |
| Richard Nixon’s ____ strategy was aimed at attracting white southerners to the Republican Party. | Southern |
| The Electoral College is composed of | presidential electors from each state who cast ballots for president and vice president. |
| The ____ is an example of indirect voting in national elections. | Electoral College |
| The ____ was promoted by Progressive reformers at the turn of the twentieth century in hopes of weakening the power of party leaders. | primary system |
| The first party system in the United States pitted the Federalists, supported mainly by ____ against the Jeffersonian Republicans, supported mainly by ____. | merchants; agrarian interests |
| The outcome of which of the following races is most likely to be decided by voters’ party ties? | a state legislature race |
| The party that holds the majority of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives selects the | Speaker of the House. |
| Turnout for midterm elections in the United States is about what percent of eligible voters? | 33 percent |
| What is a closed primary? | an election in which voters can participate in the nomination of candidates, but only of the party in which they are enrolled for a period of time prior to Election Day |
| Which of the following differentiates an interest group from a political party? | An interest group seeks to influence government policies, whereas a party attempts to win elections. |
| Which of the following is a relatively recent barrier to voting that is now in place in 31 out of the 50 states? | the requirement to provide proof of identity |
| Which political party was formed from a coalition of antislavery forces? | Republican Party |
| Who is the incumbent? | the current officeholder, running for re-election |
| Why did Republicans spend much more effort building a party apparatus than Democrats in the fifty years prior to 2004? | They held a minority status in the electorate. |
| Why was Mitt Romney an early frontrunner for the Republican nomination in 2012? | superior organization and funding |
| ____ refers to an individual’s right to vote. | Suffrage |
| Collective goods are those which are ____ available and ____ be reasonably denied to others: | broadly; cannot |
| Grassroots mobilization involves | interest group members contacting their elected officials. |
| In staff organizations, most of the work is done by | paid professionals. |
| Initiatives were originally promoted by Populists for what reason? | to allow people to govern more directly |
| Iron triangles form among | executive branch programs, legislative committees, and interest groups. |
| Members of interest groups are most likely to be | wealthy |
| PACs can contribute ____ an individual can to a candidate running for office. | more than |
| Selective benefits help overcome which problem? | free rider |
| The ______ theory of government is chiefly criticized for its inherent bias toward the wealthy and business-oriented interests in society. | pluralist |
| We call someone who enjoys the benefit of a collective good without paying the cost a | free rider |
| What did political scientist David Truman refer to as “potential interest groups?” | unrepresented interests |
| What is the primary reason that the AARP has been so successful at increasing and maintaining a huge membership? | providing good selective benefits |
| What might be an example of a solidary benefit? networking | networking |
| When items are put on the ballot, bypassing the state's legislature, it is known as | an initiative. |
| Which of the following best describes the organization Anonymous? | online grassroots organization |
| Which of the following could be considered a part of the New Politics agenda? | improving environmental protection |
| Which of the following is a brief filed in court? | amicus curiae |
| Which of the following is an example of a professional association? | American Medical Association |
| Which of the following was part of a new package of ethics rules passed by Democrats in 2007 with respect to lobbying? | Interest groups were required to disclose the funds they used to rally voters to support or oppose legislative proposals. |
| ____ try to influence government policy while ____ try to win elections. | Interest groups; political action committees |
| A two-thirds vote in both chambers of Congress is necessary to | override a Presidential veto. |
| Appropriations are the | amounts of money, approved by Congress in statutes, that each unit or agency can spend. |
| Congress is a bicameral legislature, which means that its members are divided between the | House of Representatives and Senate. |
| Historically, the most important arenas of congressional policy making have been | standing committees. |
| How can a bill become a law without the signature of the president? | if the House and Senate override the president's veto through a two-thirds majority |
| If the House and Senate pass different versions of a piece of legislation, the differences will be resolved | in a conference committee. |
| In Congress, seniority—the length of time one has served in the House or Senate—usually determines | committee chairs. |
| In recent years, the use of the filibuster and cloture in the U.S. Senate | has increased to record levels. |
| Members of the House of Representatives that are making voting decisions are most likely to listen to the interest groups that | are connected to the constituents in the member's district. |
| Pork barrel legislation is a form of ____ in which Members of Congress ____. | patronage; secure direct benefits for their districts or states |
| Presidential power to make treaties and to appoint top executive officers, ambassadors, and federal judges is subject to | the Senate's advice and consent power. |
| The Speaker of the House is the | leader of the majority party. |
| The president pro tempore in the Senate is ____ the majority and minority leaders. | less powerful than |
| The process of redrawing legislative district boundary lines to provide political advantage or disadvantage is known as | gerrymandering. |
| What is a reason that House members are more attuned to the legislative needs of local interest groups than members of the Senate? | House members need to seek re-election more frequently. |
| What is the primary concern of the majority of private bills introduced in Congress? | obtaining citizenship for foreign nationals |
| What is the purpose of select committees? | to highlight or investigate a particular issue |
| What was decided by the Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission? | It allowed outside groups and individuals to spend unlimited amounts of money on elections. |
| What would be the closest Senate counterpart to the House Ways and Means Committee? | the Senate Finance Committee |
| Which of the following statements about congressional polarization is accurate? | The Republican Party has experienced the greatest ideological shift in recent years. |
| Which type of representation occurs when representatives have the same racial, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents? | sociological |
| Who holds the “power of recognition” in the Senate? | the Speaker |
| ____ is the formal charge by the House of Representatives that a government official has committed "Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors." | Impeachment |
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