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NCTC Pedi final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| iron deficiency-anemia-symptoms | power, you're it ability, anorexia, decreased activity, murmur, heart failure |
| iron deficiency anemia-treatment | iron supplements, between meals with orange juice ( use straw) if IM give Z track |
| iron deficiency anemia-teaching | let met not intake to 1 pint per day in children, do not give iron with milk. give between meals, stills will be black or black green and tarry looking. |
| iron deficiency anemia-foods high in iron | iron-fortified formula, egg yolk, leafy green vegetables, Cream of Wheat cereal, dried fruits, dry beans, whole grain breads |
| sickle cell anemia-symptoms | unusual swelling of fingers and toes causing pain, hail, tires easily, anorexia, damaged kidneys cause polyuria and polydipsia, painful ulcers on lower legs and ankles |
| sickle cell anemia-sickle cell crisis | sometimes first sign that child has disease, caused by lack of oxygen, can have triggers, incidents occur less frequently as the child gets older |
| sickle cell anemia-treatment in teaching | bed rest, analgesics, antibiotics, force fluids, monitor hydration, routine sickle cell screening, keep accurate records of I &o |
| asthma-symptoms | cough, expiratory wheezing, itching, flaring nostrils, cyanosis, orthopenia, vomiting, fatigue, attacks usually happen at night |
| asthma-inhalers/medications | ventolin, Proventil, terbutaline steroids, cromolyn sodium. Emergency medications-epinephrine, aminophylline |
| asthma-nursing care/ teaching | no live plants, avoid dust, use air conditioning, and pre-treat activity with inhalers, some of the best to the is swimming |
| ADHD-symptoms | and attention, impulsiveness, hyperactivity |
| ADHD-treatment/teaching | Ritalin, careful listening, teach schools to divide work assignments into short intervals with frequent breaks |
| atrial septal defect-symptoms/treatment | abnormal opening between the right and left atria, usually diagnosed with a murmur heard. Treatment is surgical closure |
| ventricular septal defect-symptoms/treatment | abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles, diagnosed with the heard murmur. Treatment is the surgical closure under hypothermia |
| hypoplastic left heart syndrome-symptoms/treatment | underdeveloped left side of heart results in absent or non-functioning left ventricle; grayish blue color, dyspnea, weak pulses, cardiac murmur. Treatment is a heart transplant and subsequent immunosuppressive therapy. |
| autism-symptoms/treatment | , no interest in other children, and difficult in pretend play. Usually diagnosed during the first year of life. Treatment is with well structured home and school environment, keep routine in hospitalization |
| bronchiolitis-symptoms/treatment | symptoms are cold symptoms, pleasing, coughing, respiratory distress treated by positioning in some of Fowlers physician, IV support, bronchodilators, high humidity, oxygen |
| epiglottitis-symptoms/treatment | symptoms mouth open and ruling, cough is absent, at the glottis is swollen and beefy red. Treatment is a nasaotracheal intubation. CAUTION-do not touch throat! possibility of closing completely. |
| croup-symptoms/treatment | bark like cough,airway obstruction, Stridor, and orthopenea. treatment is to maintain the airway, humidified air at night, this template O2 in the hospital. |
| otitis-symptoms/treatment | pulling on the ear/pain fever, headache, febrile seizures. Treatment is antibiotics for 10 days, analgesics, surgery as needed:myringotomy |
| first degree burn | skin is red and painful |
| second degree burn | skin is red/pink, painful, blistered, mottled |
| third degree burn | skin is black/tan/pearly, painless, full thickness, tough, leathery |
| burn treatment | cleansing, deep breathing, dressing should be done 30 minutes after medicating for pain using strict aseptic technique. Medications used are Silvadene, Sulfamylon, silver nitrate. |
| Celiac disease-symptoms/treatment | stools are large, bulky and frothy from undigested contents. Treatment is nobler than, lifelong restrictions of wheat, barley, oats, and rye; can tolerate rice (it has no gluten) |
| cryptorchism-symptoms/treatment | when testes fail to lower into the scrotum. Treatment is: try hormone therapy for first year, if not successful then moved to surgery called orchiopexy. nursing care is to teach testy self exam, because of a higher risk for testicular cancer tumors |
| cystic fibrosis-symptoms | dyspnea, hypoxia, wheezing, emphysema, chronic cough, low digestive enzymes, foul stools, excessive sweating, low sperm production, thick cervical mucus |
| cystic fibrosis drugs/treatment | bronchodilators, expectorants, pancreatic enzymes. Treatment is exercise, high calorie and high protein diet, prevent skin breakdown. Percussion is often needed to clear lung secretions |
| type I diabetes | juvenile diabetes-no insulin produced-lifelong insulin dependence |
| type II diabetes | adult onset diabetes-insufficient amount of insulin production, or insulin resistance. Can often be treated with diet and exercise, sometimes treated with either oral anti-hyperglycemic's or injectable insulin |
| signs and symptoms of diabetes | polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | extremely high blood sugar symptoms are fruity breath, irrational, skin hot and dry, kissmaul breathing (rapid, labor breathing)treatment-IV with regular insulin |
| down syndrome-symptoms | caused by having three copies of chromosome 21.mild to moderate mental retardation, sloping for head, low set years with small canals, cardiac valvular disease is common. Present in one in 700 births in the US. More common in women over age 34 |
| Downs syndrome -testing | diagnosis is made by amniocentesis or chronic villus sampling, early in pregnancy. |
| down syndrome-teaching | grief is a common parental response, caregiver support is provided. Encourage the parents to hold a nurture their child. Teaching includes management of the infant, anticipating feeding problems, risk for upper respiratory infections. |
| epilepsy-symptoms | aura, tonic - clonic convulsions, sleep, and transient loss of awareness, go into coma |
| epilepsy-treatment/meds | provides safety, teach on coming signs of a seizure. Meds include Dilantin, diazepam, phenytoin and, and phenobarbital |
| glomerulonepheritis-symptoms/treatment | smoky brown or bloody urine, Peri orbital swelling, fever, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, olgiurea, hypertension. Treatment is bed rest, low sodium diet and antibiotics usually penicillin |
| hypospadias/Epispadias-symptoms/treatment | symptoms the orifice of the penis is on the lower/upper shaft of the penis. Treatment is surgery around 18 months. Note that the child will not be circumcised at birth in order to use that tissue to rebuild the penis. |
| immunizations-when not to give | if patient is immunocompromised, pregnant has bacteria me a more meningitis, or if the caregiver is immunocompromised, or on corticosteroid therapy, or if they have a history of high fever following immunization |
| intake and output in an infant | weigh dry diaper, weigh wet diaper, find total number of grams. 1 g equals 1 mL of liquid |
| Kawasaki disease-symptoms/treatment | fever, conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, skin rash, DC coordination of palms and soles of feet. Treatment is gamma globulin, aspirin, Coumadin, and supportive care. |
| meningitis-symptoms/treatment | headache, drowsiness, restlessness, fever, vomiting, stiff neck, high pitched cry, seizures. Diagnosis is made on the basis of the lumbar puncture. Treatment is IV antibiotics, sedatives, anticonvulsants |
| muscular dystrophy-symptoms/treatment | waddling gait, in large, robbery muscles of the calf, frequent falling in clumsiness. Wheelchair confinement by age 12, mental retardation is not uncommon. Treatment is supportive |
| salicylate poisoning | cumulative poisoning of aspirin, symptoms are ringing in the ears, dizziness, sweating, respiratory alkalosis, seizures, bleeding, and death. Treatment is vitamin K to control bleeding. The best treatment is prevention. |
| aspirin | never give aspirin to a child after a viral infection, this puts them at high risk for Ryes syndrome. |
| Lead poisoning | paint is the most common culprit, but recently there have been toys from China with high lead content. Symptoms-weight loss, anorexia, power, constipation, neuritis, convulsions. treatment-chelating drugs, calcium disodium edate given IV or IM. |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome -causes idiopathic, don't let infant get overheated, moms don't smoke while pregnant, position the baby on its back during sleep. |
| Reyse syndrome | viral infection roles opening in brain swelling. symptoms-viral infection followed by my ways, persistent vomiting, and lethargy. Treatment avoid aspirin, supportive according to status |
| shock in children | tachycardia is the first sign of shock and children, hypotension is a later sign of shock bradycardia is always an emergency sign of shock |
| tetralogy of fallot | symptoms include dyspnea, cyanosis, clubbing of the fingers. Treatment squatting position to facilitate breathing |
| thalassemia | symptoms are insufficient hemoglobin. Treatment is a blood transfusion. Medications: Desferal mesylate |
| hemophilia | spontaneous hematuria, bleeding as the child grows, even in minor injuries, may take up to an hour or longer to clot.treatment is to control bleeding with pressure elevation avoid aspirin, administer clotting factors, fresh frozen plasma, DDAVP |
| Willem's tumor | symptoms-adenocarcinoma of the kidneys, usually found as a mass in the abdomen during a regular Sam. Treatment consists of radiation before and after surgery, the nurse needs to be careful when palpitating because that can cause the tumor to metastasize. |
| otitis external | commonly known as swimmer's ear-as a red external ear canal. Treatment is with irrigation and in topical antibiotics |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear, usually from an upper respiratory infection or strep. Infants are most prone due to shorter eustachian tubes. |
| febrile seizures | transient condition in children between six months to five years. Occurs in response to a rapidly rising fever. Not usually a precursor to epilepsy. |
| Partial seizures | intact consciousness, mistaken for alterations in behavior. Treatment provides safety, medication [may have a Dilantin face] |
| staticus epilepticus | generalized seizures, that won't end, can cause brain damage from lack of oxygen. Treated with diazepam, phenytoin, and phenobarbital. |
| Muscular dystrophy, other facts | affects only boys, gowers maneuver when rising from the floor, death results, usually from respiratory infection or cardiac failure. |
| Laryngotrachebronchitis | acute croup syndrome |
| bronchitis signs and symptoms | infection of the bronchial tree is secondary to rhinitis or cold. Signs and symptoms are a dry cough becomes loose with large amounts of sputum, fever, and sore throat. |
| bronchitis treatment | rest, hydration, as he diminished in common nose drops, cough suppressant that night, humidified air, and expectorants. |
| Asthma-other facts | principal cause of chronic illness in children. Leading cause of absence, ER visits, and hospitalization. |
| Digoxin in children | hold if the apical polls <100 and newborns. <70 and older. Assess for nausea and vomiting, anorexia, and arrhythmias.dosage must be checked with another nurse. Antacids and phenytoin can interact with digoxin. |
| Celiac disease | leading Mal-absorption problem in children |
| nutritional deficiencies | failure to thrive: absence of the cause, failed to gain weight and will lose weight. Signs and symptoms are developmental delays, ragdoll witness, stiff and unresponsive to cuddling. prevention is key. Parenting classes, early recognition. |
| acetaminophen poisoning treatment | most commonly ingested drug that can cause toxicity. Overdose results in liver distraction. Treatment: acetylcysteine.administered in and G-tube after lavage, then give PO Q4 for 72 hours. |
| Acetaminophen poisoning symptoms | anorexia, nausea, vomiting, sweating, abdominal pain, oliguria, elevated liver enzymes, jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, confusion, lethargic |
| glomerulonepheritis-Bright's disease | usually follows beta-hemolytic strep infection |
| burns | leading cause of death in home among those aged one through four. Higher among boys. Occurs early morning or after school. |
| types of Burns | thermal due to fire a scalding. Chemical due to corrosive powder or liquid. Electrical due to electrical current passing through the body. Radiation due to x-rays or radioactive substances. |
| why Burns or more devastating in children | children's skin is thinner bleeding to more serious depth of burn at lower temperature. Larger BSA results in greater fluid and electrolyte and heat loss.immature response systems can cause shock and heart failure. |
| diabetes insipidus | posterior pituitary high both function and lack of adh. excessive thirst, polyuria. Teaching needs to include signs and symptoms of water intoxication, and to make sure the teachers know that restroom and drink breaks are vital. |
| Chickenpox | Vericella incubation 2 to 3 weeks, contagious before rash shows up to six days after rash. |
| Fifth's disease-slapped cheek | incubation 4-14 days contagious during incubation |
| rubella | incubation 2-3 weeks contagious until rash fades |
| Mono | incubation 4-14 days contagious 2-6 weeks |
| lime disease | incubation 3-32 days, contagious spread by tick |
| Mumps | incubation 11-26 days, contagious until swelling disappears |
| pertussis | incubation 5-21 days, contagious after fourth week |
| Rocky mountain spotted fever | incubation. One week after bite, contagious spread by tick |
| erythema | redness |
| macule | flat, circular reddened area |
| papule | raised circular area |
| vesicle | fluid filled the circular area |
| pustule | pus filled the circular area |
| scab | dried pustule covered with Crust |
| acute lymphocyte leukemia-signs and symptoms | fatigue, purpura, general malaise, low-grade fever, power, routing, leg and joint pain, listlessness, abdominal pain, enlarged lymph nodes |
| acute lymphocyte leukemia -treatment | chemo, antibiotics, whole blood, analgesics for pain, antiemetics for nausea and vomiting, TPN. Watch for infection, hemorrhage, and blood allergies. May need bone marrow transplant. |
| immunizations, interrupted | routine immunizations started two months, interrupted vaccines can continue without restarting the series. Check for allergies to eggs, Baker's yeast, and gelatin. The first immunization of baby gifts is hepatitis B given at birth. |
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