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9th gr earth science
Atmosphere/Latitude/Longitude
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | Layer of gasses that surround Earth above the water and rocky surface |
| Contour Line | Connects points of = elevation |
| Coordinate System | 2 numbers that fix a location of a point on any 2 dimensional surface (Latitude/Longitude) |
| Crust | Upper portion of Earth's crust |
| Earth's interior | Reigon extending from the rocky part of Earth's surface to Earth's center |
| Elevation | Vertical distance or height above or below sea level |
| Equator | Marks the middle location on Earth's surface half way between the north and south poles |
| Field | Any reigon of space or the environment that has some measurable value of a given quantity at every point |
| Gradient | Rate of change from place to place within a field |
| Hydrosphere | Layer of liquid water that lies between the atmosphere and the lithosphere |
| Isoline | The same as contour line--connects equal points of = value |
| Latitude | Angular north or south of the Equator |
| Lithosphere | Layer of rock that forms the solid outer shell at the top of Earth's interior |
| Longitude | Angular distance east or west of the Prime Meridian |
| Meridian of Longitude | Any semi-circle on Earth's surface connecting the north and south poles |
| Prime Meridian | Line of longitude that passes through Greenwich, England and is degsinated 0 degrees |
| Profile | Side view of an areas landscape |
| Topographic map | model to show elevation changes |
| What does the ozone layer do | It protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation |
| Which atmospheric temperature zone does the ozone layer reside | Stratosphere |
| In which region is oxygen the second most abundant element by volume | hydrosphere (water) and troposphere |
| In which temperature zones of the atmosphere does the temperature increase with increasing altitude | stratosphere and thermosphere |
| Which termperature zone of Earths atmosphere contains the most water vapor | Troposphere |
| Which element has the highest percentage by volume in the troposphere | nitrogen |
| What is the approximate altitude of the mesopause in the atmosphere | 82km |
| Which two elements make up the greatest percentages by mass in Earth's crust | oxygen and silicon |
| Parallel circles that dont touch and get smaller closer to the poles | latitudes |
| What is the main line of latitude | The equator. It divides the northern and southern hemisphere |
| Latitude lines are numbered from | 0 at the equator to 90 degrees N at the north pole and 90S at the south pole |
| the further away from the equator, latitude | Increases |
| The closer to the equator latitude | decreases |
| Vertical lines on Earths grid | longitude |
| Another name for lines of longitude | meridians |
| What do meridians connect | The north and south poles |
| The basis line for longitude is called | Prime Meridian |
| The prime meridian runs through | Greenwich England and is measured at 0 degrees |
| How does the prime meridian divide the earth | into eastern and western hemisphere |
| What happens to longitude lines as we approach the poles | they get closer together =touch |
| Increasing longitude means | moving away from the prime meridian and toward the 180 degree meridian |
| Decreasing longitude means moving | toward the Prime Meridian and away from the 180 |
| Polaris | The North Star |
| Altitude | The number of degrees above the horizon--how high an object is in the sky |
| The altitude of Polaris is equal | to the observers latitude |
| Earths true shape | oblate spheroid |
| Earth's Polar diameter is | Larger at the equator and smaller at the poles |
| Eratosthenes | A greek mathematician first known to figure out earth's circumference |
| Ping pong ball | a perfect model for the Earth |
| the pull of gravity is different depending on | Where you are located on Earth and mass |
| The force of attraction between two objects | Gravity |
| If mass is increased | gravitational pull is increased |
| If distance between two objects is increased what happens | gravitational pull is decreased |
| Why does a person weigh slightly less at the equator than at the poles | The poles are closer to the center of the earth increasing gravitational pull |
| What is the best evidence of earth's spherical shape | photographs taken from space |
| Troposphere | The atmosphere layer WE live in--where weather occurs 0-12km above the surface |
| As altitude increases in the troposphere, temperature | gets colder (hike up a mountain) |
| Where does the troposphere end | The tropopause |
| Stratosphere | between troposphere and mesosphere where ozone is found |
| Mesoshpere | Air is extremely thin, temp decreases with increasing elevation, where meteors burn up |
| Thermosphere | air extremely thin, high temps, aurora borealis occur here, where most satilites orbit earth |
| The system for naming positions on the earth | latitude--longitude |
| The reference line for latitude is | The Equator |
| The reference line for longitude is | The prime meridian |
| Latitude and longitude are based on | celestial observations |
| To determine longitude a navigator would | observe the sun |
| To determine latitude | observe Polaris using a protractor |
| Meridians | imaginary line along which time zones are named |
| GMT | Greenwich Mean Time which is recorded on a chronometer |
| The highest altitude in the observers sky | 12pm |
| Earths hydrosphere is best described as | The liquid outer layer of earth |
| What are the two most abundant elements by mass found in the Earth's crust | Oxygen and silicon |
| Earth's troposphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere contain relatively large amounts of this | Oxygen |
| The most abundant element by volume in the hydrosphere | hydrogen |
| Which metal is the most abundant in the lithosphere | aluminum |
| In which sphere is the most oxygen by volume | the lithosphere (atmosphere) |
| Lithosphere | The most dense |
| Troposphere | The least dense |
| A reigon of space that has a measurable value | A field |
| Lines in a field that connect points of equal value | Isoline |
| Points of equal barometric preassure | Isobar |
| Contour Lines | Connect points of equal elevation |
| Isoline are always | Closed curves that NEVER cross |
| Gradient | Shows how quickly values change from one point to another |
| Value over Distance | Gradient |
| Close together Isolines | Steep gradient |
| Changes slowly and the lines are far apart | A Gentile gradient |
| Chronometer | clock that gives consistant time not regardless of variation such as tempertaure |
| Solar Time | local time based on the actuall motions of the sun in the sky- sun dial time |
| Why do we have time zones | |
| earths rate of rotation per hour | 15 degrees |
| How many time zones in the US | six time zones. From west to east, they are Hawaii, Alaska, Pacific, Mountain, Central, and Eastern |
| Index contour | To make the map easier to read. Contour lines that are darker and are usually labled |
| How is stream flow direction indicated with contour lines | The 'V' opens in the direction of flow |
| Rules of isolines | Connect points of equal value |
| what is a time zone | a reigon of land that follows the same standard time |
| How many time zones are there | 24. 1 for each hour of the day |
Created by:
Heatherquiggle971