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Chem 3.1-3.7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pure substances | type of matter that has a definite composition |
| elements | simplest pure substances because they are composed of only are kind of atom |
| compounds | two or more elements in the same proportion |
| mixtures | two or more substances that are pysically mixed, but not chemically combined |
| types of mixtures | homogeneous & heterogeneous |
| homogeneous mixture | aka solution; composition is uniform throughout a sample (salt water) |
| heterogeneous mixtures | components do not have a uniform composition throughout the sample (oil & water, raisins in a cookie) |
| chemical symbols | one- or two-letter abbreviations for the names of the elements |
| physical properties | characteristics that can be observed or measured w/o affecting the identity of an element (shape, color, odor, taste, density, hardness, melting point, boiling point) |
| periodic table | the arrangement of elements created by Dmitri Mendeleev |
| period | horizontal rows in the periodic table |
| group | vertival columns on the periodic table |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of that element |
| nucleus | positively charged region at the center of the atom |
| amu (atomic mass unit) | used in expressing masses of neutrons, protons, ect |
| atomic number | equal to the protons |
| mass number | protons + neutrons= mass number |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| atomic mass | average of the mass of isotopes of an elements |
| valence electrons | outermost electrons |
| group numbers | (1A-8A); indicates the number of valence electrons in an element |
| atomic radius | the distance from the nucleus to the valence electrons |
| ionization energy | energy needed to remove the least tightly bounded electron from an atom in the gaseous state. |