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Module 5
hard test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carcinogen | causes cancer, handle carefully, avoid all contact, wear PPE |
| Corrosive | eats away at living tissue and some materials, DO NOT breathe vapors, wear respirator |
| Explosive | will explode under some conditions |
| Flammable or combustible | Gives off vapors that can easily ignite |
| flash point | temperature at which a substance will ignite. Keep these chemicals several feet away from heat. |
| incompatible | reacts violently when combined with other particular substances. |
| irritant | irritates the eyes, avoid contact with skin/eyes |
| Lachrymator | has an irritating or burning effect on skin, eyes or respiratory tract. Exposure to tiny amounts can be hazardous. |
| Peroxide former | may form peroxides when stored for long periods or when exposed to air. Many peroxides can be explosive, make sure you know how to handle the substance |
| Mutagen | Causes alterations in your DNA. Do not breathe vapors and avoid contact with skin |
| Poison or toxic | hazardous when inhaled, swallowed or in contact with skin. May lead to death. Do not breathe vapors, dust or mist. |
| Reactive | will burn, react, or give off noxious fumes when in contact with other substances. |
| Stench | has a foul odor |
| Teratogen | causes physical defects in a developing fetus or embryo |
| Parts per million/billion | indicates how much chemical exposure is allowed |
| If the flash point of a substance is less than 100 degrees celcius then it is considered | flammable |
| MSDS | material safety data sheet |
| NFPA diamond colors: | red: flammability Blue: Health hazard Yellow: Instability White: special hazard |
| The higher the NFPA number, the more | hazardous the chemical |
| C | Carbon |
| H | Hydrogen |
| O | Oxygen |
| N | Nitrogen |
| Ca | Calcium |
| Cl | Chlorine |
| Fe | Iron |
| Mg | Magnesium |
| K | Potassium |
| P | Phosphorous |
| S | Sulfur |
| Na | Sodium |
| All electrons want to add up to the number | 8 |
| True or False the MSDS has info on what PPE to wear when handling a substance | True |
| NaOH | Sodium Hydroxide |
| A substance composed of 2 or more different elements | compound |
| A group of atoms bound together | molecule |
| OH | Hydroxide ion |
| Add acid to water | do what you oughter |
| Water is a good absorber of | heat |
| N expresses | the concentration of an acid or base |
| Anything above 1N should be treated with | respect |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide |
| NaHCO3 | Baking soda |
| NaCl | Salt |
| H2S | Hydrogen sulfide |
| H2SO4 | Sulfuric acid |
| NH3 | Ammonia |
| OH | means it is a base (hydroxide) |
| Elements join together to form | compounds |
| An electrically charged particle is an | ion |
| Basic particles of elements | atom |
| basic particles of compounds | molecule |
| Ph | The ability of something to attract hydrogen atoms |
| Ph scale | 0-6 more acidic 7 neutral 8-14 base/alkaline |
| Household ammonia | alkaline |
| Vinegar | acid |
| Organic compounds | always contain carbon |
| reaction rate | measure of the amount of reactants that convert into products in a set time period |
| Concentration | the number of molecules in a given volume |
| Increasing the concentration of reactant molecules | speeds up the reaction rate |
| Decreasing the concentration of reactant molecules | slows the reaction rate |
| The primary components of living cells | Organic compounds |
| Hydrocarbons | |
| Contained stored energy. Used as fuel | |
| Examples of hydrocarbons | Methane, propane, benzene, acetylene |
| Common oxygen containing organic compounds | Ketones (acetone-nail polish remover Organic acids-citric acid (weak), acetic acid, esters (artificial flavors), ethers (anasthetic) |
| Polymers contain | A string of repeating molecules |
| Polymer | A long chain of repeating molecular units |
| Highly flammable organic compounds | Hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, ethers |
| Common oxidizing agents | Oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid, sodium pergamanate |
| If you get a Strong base on your skin, it feels slippery because | It is dissolving the outermost layer of skin |
| Caustic refers to | Sodium or potassium hydroxide |
| Safety hazards associated with acids | Burns, fumes, reactive |
| One safety hazard associated with bases | Reactive, corrosive, fumes |
| To raise the ph of a neutral solution | Adjust with a base |
| Organic compounds must contain | Carbon |
| Many hydrocarbons are used as | Fuel |
| Two hazards of organic compounds | Flammability and toxicity |
| The worst way to put out an organic chemical fire | Douse with water |
| 2 common oxidizing agents | Oxygen, hydrogen peroxide |
| Al salts contain | Metal atoms |
| Oxidizing agents should be considered potentially explosive and highly reactive substances | True |
| A strong base that contains irritating fumes | Ammonia |
| Conductivity | Measures the concentration of atoms |
| Water that is not highly purified usually has | More ions in it, is more conductive than purified or deionized ater |
| Salt dissolves into ions so | Solutions with higher salt concentrations are more conductive |
| Conductivity | The amount of electrical current thatcan pass through a solution. |
| Refraction | The bending of light waves |
| Solvent | The material with the HIGHER amount |
| Solute | Is always less than the solvent |
| Soluabilty | A substance's ability todissolve in another substance |
| Factors that affect soluability | Temperature, pressure, ph, mixing |
| Endothermic reaction | Requires heat to keep reaction |
| Exothermic reaction | Produce heat and release it into the environment |
| Reaction rate | Measure in the amount ofvreactants that converts into products in a set time period |
| Concentration | The number of molecules in a given volume |
| Separation methods in industry | Evaporation, distillation, precipitation, crystallization, filtration, centrifugation, liquid extraction, chromatography |
| Why separate chemicals? | Purification |
| Evaporation | Process of changing a liquid to a gas through heat treesap to syrup |
| Distillation | Used to separate liquids with 2 diggerent boiling points from a mixture |
| Precipitation | The process that separatwsca solid solute from a solution by changing the solute to a precipitate. Clumping of milk in vinegar |
| Filtration | Uses a mechanical device to physically separate solid particles from a solution |
| Crystallization | Process of separating a solute a liquid solution by increasing the concentration of the solute until the solvent cannot absorb any more |
| Centrifugation | Uses centrifugal force to separate different components in a mixture |
| Liquid extraction | The process of adding a different solvent to a solution--a solventvthat will pull a particular solute from the solution |
| Chromatography | A process that separates the solute from the solution by pumping the soulution through a column with resin beads. The solute leaves the solution because it is attracted to the resin beads |
| An ion | Can hold a positive or negative charge |
| Acids and bases are corrosive they can. Cause------burns | Chemical |
| A substance with a ph of 5 is | Acidic |
| Ph measures the | Number of H plus ions that are present |
| Oxidizing agents are | Potentially explosive |
| Type of chemical reaction that can lead to an explosion | Exothermic |
| To slow down a reaction rate | Decrease the pressure on the reactants |
| Absorption, reaction andcconductivity are all used to monitor | Concentration of a solute in a solution |
| Conductivity measures thevconcentration of | Ionic compounds |
| Substances produced from a chemical reaction are called | Products |
Created by:
millatorch
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