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Chapter 11
Control of Microbs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the most resistent bacteria to kill? | Endospores of bacteria |
| What is the second hardest bacteria to kill? | Mycobacterium |
| What 2 GN bacteria are the hardest to kill? | Pseudomonous and Serratia |
| What does the suffix cide mean? | To kill or destroy |
| What does the suffix stasis mean? | Preventing the growth |
| What destroys vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores? | Disinfection |
| What are normally used to clean inanimate objects? | Disinfectants |
| What is used only on living organisms to get rid of bacteria? | Antiseptics |
| What term refers to the growth of microorganisms in blood or tissue? | Sepsis |
| What term refers to any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into a sterile area? | Aseptic |
| What is the best disinfectant found in the home? | 5% sodium hypochlorite (common household bleach) |
| What is found in drinking water, swimming pools, and sewage plants? | Chlorine Gas |
| What disinfectant is typically used to treat a wound on the skin? | Iodine |
| Anything mixed with alcohol is called what? | Tincture |
| What chemical is frequently used as a disinfectant because it remains active in the presence of organic compounds, it's stable, and it persist for long periods after application? | Phenolics |
| What kills bacteria and fungus but not spores and some viruses? | Alcohols |
| What is used as a surgical hand scrub and preoperative skin prep? | Chlorhexidine |
| What is not a phenol but resembles one and is used on skin and mucous membranes? | Chlorhexidine |
| Does 100% alcohol have to be mixed with water to have a microbial effect? | Yes |
| What is an example of an Iodophor? | Betadine |
| Iodine and usually a detergent in which the iodine is released slowly such as betadine is called what? | Iodophor |
| What is an all around disinfectant, deodorizer, and stain remover? | 5% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) |
| What sterilization method is used for materials sensitive to heat or chemicals (used on food, medical products, etc.)? | Radiation |
| What sterilization method is used for the removal of microbes and spores from liquids and the air? | Filtration |
| What percentage of phenol (carbolic acid) concentrate is used as a disinfectant on surfaces? | 5% |
| What percentage of phenol (carbolic acid) concentrate is used as an anticeptic? | 0.5% |
| What percentage of phenol (carbolic acid) concentrate has an antibacterial effect? | 1% |
| What is rarely used as an antiseptic or disinfectant because it irritates the skin and has a diagreeable odor? | Phenol (carbolic acid) |
| What are frequently used as disinfectants because they remain active in the presence of organic compounds, they are stable, and they persist for long periods after application? | Phenolics |
| These are derivatives of phenol which contain a molecule of phenol that has been chemically altered to reduce its irritating qualities or increase its antibacterial activity in combination with soap or detergent? | Phenolics |
| A technique in which heat is applied to liquids to kill agents of infection and spoilage, and at the same time retaining the liquid's flavor and food value | Pasteurization |
| Is milk sterile after pasteurization? | No |
| What prevents the transmission of milk-borne diseases from infected cows or milk handlers from salmonella, campylobacter, listeria, and mycobacterium? | Pasteurization |
| What is the temperature and time used in traditional methods of pasteurization of milk? | 63C for 30 minutes or 72C for 15 seconds |
| What is the UHT (ultra high temperature) for sterile milk? | 134C for 2 seconds |
| Does boiling water sterilization or disinfection? | Disinfection |
| Boiling water will kill many microorganisms but will it kill endospores? | No |
| Does boiling make food or water safe to eat or drink? | Yes |
| How long does it take for Neisseria gonorrhoeae to die once it's outside the body? | One hour |
| What bacteria can survive months on a dry surface? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| What term describes the absence of water? | Desiccation |
| How long and at what temperature does water have to boil to make food and water safe? | 100C for 30 minutes |
| What bacteria are unaffected by cold temperatures? | Psychrophiles |
| Will desiccation or dehydration kill some microbes? | Yes |
| Is it true that microbes cannot grow or reproduce, but can remain viable for years in the absence of water? | Yes |
| What is the benefit of using alcohol for disinfection? | Fast acting, evaporates rapidly, and leaves no residue |
| What chemical is often used to enhance the effectiveness of other chemical agents? | Alcohol |
| What percentage alcohol is found in ethanol? | 70% |
| What is a superior alcohol? | Isopropanol |
| What is considered to be an anticeptic and disinfectant and is used to help clean dirt out of wounds? | Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 |
| What term is often used to differentiate between soap and other chemical surfactants used for cleaning purposes? | Detergent |
| A synthetic compound, or a mixture of compounds, intended to assist cleaning? | Detergent |
| What is our most important cleaning agent which is limited as a disinfectant and an important function in mechanical removal through scrubbing? | Soap |
| What is the only liquid chemical disinfectatn that can be considered a sterilizing agent? | Glutaraldehyde |
| What is used to sterilize hospital instruments? | Glutaraldehyde |
| What is used in respiratory therapy? | Glutaraldehyde |
| What is the heavy metal that is required by law to be put in the eyes of newborns? | Silver nitrate 1% |
| What is antifungal in paints? | Zinc oxide |
| What is a heavy metal that is found in mouth wash? | Zinc chloride |
| What heavy metal antiseptic was used for cuts and scraps? | Mercurochrome or merthiolate |
| What is a 37% aqueous solution? | Formalin |
| What preserves biological specimens and is used to embalm corpses? | Formalin |
| What inactivates bacteria and viruses in vaccines? | Formalin |
| What is tissue irritating and carcinogenic? | Formalin |
| What is an effective way to sterilize and disinfect plastic materials a delicate instruments in hospital and industries? | Ethylene Oxide |
| What is another name for carbolic acid? | Phenol |
| What prevents gonorrheal ophthalarria neonatorum and is the first drops used in the eyes of all newborns? | Silver nitrate |
| What does iokine and a detergent molecule make? | Betadine |
| What gas is used to sterilize? | Ethylene oxide |
| What cleans but does not disinfect? | Soap |
| What term is used to prevent the growth of bacteria on tissues or on objects? | Bacteristatic |
| The term used for a chemical that destroys bacteria except for those in the endospore stage? | Bactericidal |
| The term used to describe chemical agents that are applied directly to exposed surfaces, wounds and surgical incisions to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens? | Antiseptic |
| What term describes the use of a physical precess or a chemical agent to destroy vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores? | Disinfectant |
| The term used to describe the removal of all viable microorganisms including viruses? | Sterile |
| What milk-borne diseases are prevented by pasteurization? | Salmonella, campylobacter, listeria, and mycobacterium |
Created by:
seshelby62