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AP Eng # Terms #2
AP Terminology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Archaic Diction | Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words |
Asyndeton | Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words Used to shorten the sentence to focus on the meaning |
Caricature | A representation in which the subject's features are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect |
Concession | An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable |
connotations | Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition. connotations are positive or negative. |
Context | The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes and events surrounding a text |
Counterargument | An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward |
Chiasmus | A figure of speech based on inverted parallelism. It is a rhetorical figure in which two clauses are related to each other through a reversal of terms |
Antimetabole | Repetition of words in reverse order (It is a type of chiasmus, but not all chiasmus are a type of antimetabole) |
Ad Hominem Argument | Latin for "to or against the person," this fallacy involves switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker |
Ad Populum (bandwagon appeal) | This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." |
Ambiguity | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the lateral meaning |
Analogy | A similarity or relationship between two things. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with something more familiar. (similes and metaphors are analogies) |
Antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun |
Antithesis | A figure of speech that involves an opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction |
Appeal to False Authority | This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise on a subject is cited as an authority |
Apostropher | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction |
Colloquialism | Slang or informal speech or writing belonging to a particular geographic region |
Claim | Also called an assertion or a proposition, a claim states the argument's main idea or position. A claim differs from a topic or subject in that a claim has to be arguable |
Claim of Fact | This claim asserts that something is true or not true |
Claim of Value | This claim argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong |
Claim of Policy | This claim proposes a change |
Fallacy | Faulty reasoning; misleading or unsound argument |