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Perio.1
Ch 1 Tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Give the definition of gingiva & name the two types of tissue it is composed of. | *tissue that covers the cervical portions of the teeth & the alveolar processes of the jaws [composed of] *thin outer layer of epithelium *underlying core of connective tissue |
| What is the function of the gingiva? | *provides a tissue seal around the cervical portions of the teeth *covers alveolar processes of the jaws *holds the tissue against tooth during mastication |
| Does the gingiva connect the tooth to the socket? | no, the PDL does |
| What is the periodontium? | functional system of tissues that surrounds the teeth and attaches them to the jawbone. |
| Name the tissues of the periodontium. | *Gingiva *periodontal Ligament *Cementum *Alveolar bone |
| Name the four anatomic areas of the gingiva. | *free gingiva *gingival sulcus *interdental gingiva *attached gingiva |
| What is the coronal boundary or upper edge of gingiva called? | gingival margin |
| What is the apical boundary or lower edge of gingiva called and what color is it? | *alveolar mucosa *dark red color *smooth shiny surface |
| What is the depression that separates the free & attached gingiva? | free gingival groove |
| What is the boundary where the attached gingiva meets the alveolar mucosa? | mucogingival junction |
| What is the gingiva that surrounds the CEJ called? | free gingiva or marginal gingiva |
| What is the gingiva that is connected to the cementum called? Describe it's location. | *attached gingiva *lies between the free gingiva & alveolar mucosa |
| Which teeth have wide attached gingiva? narrow? | *wider-incisor & molar *narrow-premolar |
| What causes the gingiva to appear stippled? | presence of connective fibers that attach it to cementum & bone |
| What is the function of the attached gingiva? | *allows tissue to withstand forces of mastication etc *prevents free gingiva from being pulled away from tooth |
| What type of gingiva is the interdental gingiva? | free gingiva |
| What type of gingiva is the col? Where is it located? | *attached gingiva *just below the contact areas |
| Is the col present in adjacent teeth that do not touch? | no |
| What is the periodontal ligament? | *soft connective tissue *covers root of tooth *attaches cementum of tooth to bone of tooth socket (alveolar bone proper) |
| Name the functions of the PDL. (5) | *support (maintains tooth in socket) *Sensory (pressure/pain) *nutrients to cementum & bone *formative (builds cementum & alveolar bone-cementoblasts) *remodel alveolar bone (orthodontics) |
| What part of the tooth may be easily confused with calculus? | cementum |
| What is cementum? What is it made of? | mineralized tissue (hydroxy appitite) that covers the surface of the tooth root. |
| What is the function of cementum? | *anchors pdl to tooth *protects dentin & seals end of dentinal tubules *compensates for tooth wear by forming new cementum |
| What is present in bone & cementum that anchors pdl? | sharpies fibers |
| What is the bony projection that surrounds and supports the roots of the teeth? | alveolar bone |
| When would alveolar bone not be present? | *when teeth are extracted alveolar bone resorbs *if teeth do not erupt it does not develop |
| What is alveolar process composed of? | *3 layers of hard tissue (1-alveolar bone proper or cribriform plate or lamina dura) 2-cortical bone 3-cancellous bone) *connective soft tissue (periosteum) |
| Define alveolus. | bony socket; cavity in the alveolar bone that houses the root of a tooth |
| Define cortical bone. | compact bone that forms the hard, outside wall of the mandible & maxilla on facial & lingual aspects (surrounds alveolar bone proper) |
| Where is buccal cortical bone thin? Thick? | *thin-incisor, canine premolar region *thick-molar region |
| Does cortical bone show in radiographs? | no only cancellous bone & alveolar bone can be seen |
| In health where is alveolar crest located? | 1-2mm apical (below) CEJ |
| Define cancellous bone. | (spongy bone) latticelike bone that fills the interior portion of alveolar process (between the cortical bone & alveolar bone proper) |
| Define periosteum. | layer of connective soft tissue covering the outer surface of bone; consists of an outer layer collagenous tissue & inner layer of fine elastic fibers |
| What is the periodontium innervated by? | branches of trigeminal nerve |
| What is the GINGIVA of the maxillary arch innervated by? | trigeminal nerve→maxillary div→*superior alveolar nerve(→anterior, middle & posterior branches) *infraorbital nerve *greater palatine nerve *nasopalatine nerve |
| What is the GINGIVA of the mandibular arch innervated by? | trigeminal nerve→mandibular div→*inferior alveolar nerve(→mental nerve) *buccal nerve *lingual nerve (sublingual branch) |
| What are the TEETH & PDL of the maxillary arch innervated by? | trigeminal nerve→maxillary div→superior alveolar nerve (→asa, msa, psa) |
| What are the TEETH & PDL of the mandibular arch innervated by? | trigeminal nerve→mandibular div→inferior alveolar nerve→dental, incisive, branches |
| Name the vascular supply of the maxillary teeth, gingiva, pdl & alveolar bone. | *ASA & PSA arteries *infraorbital artery *greater palatine artery *nasopalatine artery |
| Name the vascular supply of the mandibular teeth, gingiva, pdl & alveolar bone | *inferior alveolar artery *buccal, lingual, incisive & mental arteries |
| Which lymph nodes drain most of the periodontal tissues? | submandibular lymph nodes |
| Which lymph nodes drain the palatal gingiva of the maxilla? | deep cervical lymph nodes |
| Which lymph nodes drain the gingiva in the region of the mandibular incisors? | submental lymph nodes |
| Which lymph nodes drain the gingiva in the third molar region? | jugulodigastric lymph nodes |
| T/F Cementum is not necessary to the health of the periodontium because the underlying dentin will protect the root if the cementum is removed by toothbrush abrasion or from dental procedures. | False |
| Which tissue of the periodontium may be pigmented in dark skinned individuals? | attached gingiva |
| T/F Healthy gingival tissue always has a dimpled appearance known as stippling. | False (it may or may not) |
| T/F One function of the attached gingiva is to prevent the free gingiva from being pulled away from the tooth when tension is applied to the alveolar mucosa. | True |
| What forms the base of a gingival sulcus? | junctional epithelium |
| In what structure are the periodontal ligament fibers embedded on the tooth side? | cementum |
| T/F Cementum does not have its own blood supply; it receives its nutrients from the periodontal ligament. | True |
| What is the thin layer of bone that lines the tooth socket? | Alveolar bone proper |
Created by:
riodentalhygiene