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rocks
Term | Definition |
---|---|
a natural, solid mixture of minerals or grains | rock |
geologist call the fragments that make up a rock | grains |
grain size and the way grains fit together in a rock | texture |
molten or liquid rock underground | magma |
molten rock that erupts on Earths surface | lava |
rock material that forms where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water as rocks erode | sediment |
series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock | rock cycle |
volcanic material erupts and cools and crystallizes on Earth's surface, it forms a type of igneous rock | extrusive rock |
rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to form crystals | volcanic glass |
igneous rocks that form as magma cools underground | intrusive rocks |
weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space between grains | compaction |
minerals dissolved in water crystallize between sediment grains | cementation |
sedimentary rocks that are made up of broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments | clastic rocks |
broken pieces and fragments | clasts |
from when minerals crystallize directly from water | chemical rocks |
a sedimentary rock that was formed by organisms or contains the remains of organisms | biochemical rock |
any process that affects the structure or composition of a rock in a solid state as a result of changes in temperature, pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids | metamorphism |
permanent change in shape by bending and folding | plastic deformation |
contain parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals | foliated rocks |
metamorphic rocks that have mineral grains with a random, interlocking texture | nonfoliated rocks |
magma comes in contact with existing rock, and its thermal energy and gases interact with the surrounding rock, forming new metamorphic rock | contact metamorphism |
the formation of metamorphic rock bodies that are hundreds of square kilometers in size | regional metamorphism |