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Aspirin
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Trade Name | acetylsalicylic acid |
| Classification | Antipyretics (fever reducer), nonopioid analgesics (inability to feel pain) |
| Indication | Rheumatoid arthritis (chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints like hands and feet), Osteoarthritis (wear and tear on protective cartilage), Mild to moderate pain, Fever, |
| Prophylaxis (Indication) | Action taken to prevent disease of transient ischemic attacks ( ministroke) and MI (heart attack) |
| Action | Produce analgesia and reduce inflammation and fever by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. Decreases platelet aggregation (formation of cluster) – blood thinner |
| Therapeutic Effect | Analgesia Reduction of inflammation. Reduction of fever. Decreased incidence of transient ischemic attacks and MI. |
| Side/Adverse Effect | EENT: Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) GI: Dyspepsia (indigestion) Epigastric distress (pain in the upper abdomen) Nausea Adverse effects on fetus and mother during pregnancy (3rd trimester), not safe during lactation |
| Toxic Effect | GI: GI Bleeding Misc.: Anaphylaxis (Acute allergic reaction to an antigen due to hypersensitivity) Laryngeal Edema (Life threatening – acute swelling of laryngeal mucosa) |
| Assessment | Pts who have asthma, allergies, and nasal polyps or who are at an increased risk for developing hypersensitivity reactions; Pain: Assess pain and limitation of movement; note type, location, and intensity before and at the peak after administration; |
| Assessment | Assess fever and note associated signs (diaphoresis, tachycardia, malaise, chills). |
| Overdose antidote | N/A |
| Implementation | • Use lowest effective dose for shortest period of time. • PO: Administer after meals or with food or an antacid to minimize gastric irritation. Food slows but does not alter the total amount absorbed. |
| Implementation | Do not crush or chew enteric-coated tablets. Do not take antacids within 1–2 hr of enteric-coated tablets. Chewable tablets may be chewed, dissolved in liquid, or swallowed whole. |
| Implementation | Some extended-release tablets may be broken or crumbled but must not be ground up. |
| Pt/Family Teaching | • Instruct patient to take salicylates with a full glass of water and to remain in an upright position for 15–30 min after administration. |
| Pt/Family Teaching | o Advise patient to report tinnitus; unusual bleeding of gums; bruising; black, tarry stools; or fever lasting longer than 3 days. |
| Pt/Family Teaching | o Caution patient to avoid concurrent use of alcohol with this medication to minimize possible gastric irritation; 3 or more glasses of alcohol per day may increase risk of GI bleeding. |
| Pt/Family Teaching | o Teach patients on a sodium-restricted diet to avoid effervescent tablets or buffered-aspirin preparations. Tablets with an acetic (vinegar-like) odor should be discarded. |
| Pt/Family Teaching | o Advise patients on long-term therapy to inform health care professional of medication regimen before surgery. Aspirin may need to be withheld for 1 wk before surgery. |
| Pt/Family Teaching | • Transient Ischemic Attacks or MI: Advise patients receiving aspirin prophylactically to take only prescribed dose. Increasing dose has not been found to provide additional benefits. |
| Daily dosage | For Pain/Fever: 325-1000mg q4-6h not to exceed 4g/day) For Inflammation: 2.4g/day initially; increase to maintenance dose of 3.6-5.4g/day in divided doses |
| Daily dosage | For prevention of transient ischemic attacks: 50-325mg once daily For prevention of MI/Antiplatelet: 80-325mg once daily |
Created by:
saramx1005