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Chapter 4 APpsychO
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consciousness | Awareness of mental processes; Our awareness of various cognitive processes like sleeping dreaming concentrating and making decisions |
| Waking consciousness | includes all the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that occur when we are awake and alert |
| Tip of iceburg | consciousness is only a small peak emerging from a mass of unconscious mental representations and activities that lie below surface (remembering something without thinking about it) |
| Daydream | shift of attention into a private world of make-believe |
| Circadian rhythm | regular biological rhythm with approximately a 24 hour period |
| Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) | cluster of neurons in hypothalamus recieves input from retina for light and dark cycles for biological clock. |
| desynchronization | jet lag, body cycles are out of sync. Results in extreme drowsiness and insomnia |
| REM(paradoxical) Sleep | Sleep stage characterized by rapid eye movements and increased dreaming |
| Non-REM(NREM) Sleep | non rapid eye movement alternates with REM stages during sleep |
| Sleeptalking-walking | occurs during stage 4, common in chldren. 20% have an episode, more often boys |
| Night Terrors | frightening dreams during NREM, people are hard to awaken and cant remember dream |
| Nightmare | firghtening dreams during REM, can be remembered |
| Insomnia | Sleep disorder; difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep |
| Apnea | sleep disorder breathing difficulty nights. feelings of exhaustion in day |
| Narcolepsy | Hereditary sudden nodding off during day and muscle tone loss during emotional excitement |
| Dreams | vivid experiences during REM sleep 4-5 a night |
| Stage 1 | tight low height waves like waking conscious lasts few moments |
| Stage 2 | short rhthymic acitivity occurs called sleep spindles |
| Stage 3 | slow waves with very high peaks emerge |
| Stage 4 | very slow delta occurs in 20 minutes |
| Sleep cycle | 4-5 cycles a night, 90 min. to go from stage 1 to REM and back |
| Dream facts | 4-5 dreams a night, dreams account for 2 hours of normal sleep. 7-9 yr olds take on narratives in dreams. |
| manifest content | surface of dream |
| Latent COntent | hidden, unconscious thoughts or desires |
| Activation synthesis theory | neurons in the pons fire at random during REM sleep, brain tries to make sense of it making dreams. |
| Psychoactive drugs | Chemical substances that change moods and perceptions |
| Laudanum | opium dissolved in alcohol, main ingredient in old medicine |
| Depressants | drowsiness, depressed reflexes, "rush" of pleasure; Alcohol, Tranquilizers, Opiates |
| Stimulants | Increase alertness, excitation, sleeplessness; Amphetamines Coacine Caffeine Nicotine |
| Hallucinogens | Illusions, loss of contact w/ reality, increased appetite; LSD, Marijuana |
| Alcohol | leading cause of liver disease, and kidney damage; increases risk for cancer |
| Meditation | various methods of concentration, reflection, or focusing of thoughts undertaken to suppress the activity of the sympathetic nervous system; alpha waves increase |
| Zen meditation | focuses on respiration |
| Sufuism | relies on frenzied dancing and prayer |
| Trancendental meditaion | intone a mantra, sound that keeps external distractions at bay |
| Hypnosis | Trancelike state in which person responds readily to suggestions |
Created by:
Zacee135