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Pharmacology - EMT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is pharmacology? | It is the study of drugs and their actions on the body. |
| What is a drug? | Drugs are foreign substance placed into the body. |
| What is a medication? | A medication is a drug used to diagnose, treat and prevent disease. |
| What are the four main sources of drug? | Plants, animals, minerals and laboratory (synthetic) |
| What is pharmacokinetics? | It is how the drug is absorbed, distributed and eliminated from the body. |
| Metabolism of a drug is called _____________________. | Biotransformation |
| What is a suspension? | Preparations in which the solid does not dissolve in the solvent; if left alone, the solid portion will precipitate out. |
| What is an emulsion? | Suspensions with an oily substance in the solvent; even when mixed, globules of oil separate out of the solution. |
| What is a spirit? | Solution of a volatile drug in alcohol. |
| What is an elixir? | Alcohol and water solvent, often with flavorings added to improve the taste. |
| What is a syrup? | Sugar, water, and a drug solution. |
| What is an agonist? | An agonist binds to a receptor and causes it to initiate the expected response. |
| What is an antagonist? | An antagonist binds to a site but block agonists and prevent the receptor from initiating the expected response. |
| What drug is an antagonist for an opiate overdose? | Narcan |
| The "Flight-or-flight" is known as what branch of the Autonomic Nervous System? | Sympathetic |
| The "Feed-or-breed" is know as what branch of the Autonomic Nervous System? | Parasympathetic |
| What is Pharmacodynamics? | It is how a medication interacts with the body to cause its effects |
| What is Pharmacokinetics? | Pharmacokinetics is how a medication is absorbed, distributed, metabolized (biotransformed), and excreted |
| What is an Agonist? | An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor of a cell and triggers a response by that cell |
| What is an Antagonist? | An antagonist is a substance that interferes with or inhibits the physiological action of another |
| What is a Bolus? | A bolus is a single, oftentimes large dose of medication |
| What is the definition of a drug? | Drugs are foreign substances placed into the body |
| What is a Depressant? | A depressant is a medication that decreases or lessens a body function or activity |
| ______________ is a reaction to a substance that is normally more profound than seen in the normal population. | Hypersensitivity |
| An _____________ is a medical condition in which a drug has proven to be of therapeutic value. | Indication |
| ________________ are unavoidable, undesired effects frequently seen even in therapeutic doses. | Side effects |
| A ______________ is a drug that enhances or increases a bodily function. | Stimulant |
| An ____________ is a side effect that proves to be harmful to a patient. | Untoward Effect |
| The most detailed name given to a drug is called it’s ____________ name. | Chemical name |
| The ___________ name of a drug is usually suggested by the manufacturer and is confirmed by the United States Name Council – this is the name we should use to prevent confusion. | Generic name |
| A drugs ____________________ name is the name that is listed in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). | Official name |
| What are the four main sources of drugs? | Plants, animals, minerals, laboratory (synthetic). |
| What are the Six Rights of Medication Administration? | Right medication, Right dose, Right time, Right route, Right patient, Right documentation |
| A ______________ is a medical or a physiological condition that is present that would make it harmful for you to administer a medication to a patient. | Contraindication |
| What does PR mean? | It means Per Rectum - medication given into the rectum |
| What does PO mean? | PO means taken by mouth |
| Enteral medications enter the body through the _______________ system. | Digestive |
| Parenteral medications enter the body how? | Through a route other than the digestive tract, the skin, or the mucous membranes. Parenteral medications are usually liquid that is administered into the body using a syringe and needle. |
| What is a Intraosseous Injection (IO)? | Intraosseous means into the bone. |
| What is a Subcutaneous Injection? | It is an injection under the skin (usually into fatty tissue above the muscle) |
| What is an Intramuscular Injection? | It is an injection into the muscle. |
| What does Transdermal mean? | It means absorption through the skin. Medicine patches that a patient wears on their skin are administering medication via the transdermal route. |
| What is Intranasal (IN)? | It is the delivery of medication into the nose. |
| What is a Metered-Dose Inhaler? | It is a miniature spray canister used to direct medication through the mouth and into the lungs. This is used by many patients that have respiratory diseases such as asthma or COPD. |
| A medication that is administered to a conscious patient that is suspected of ingesting an overdose of medications by mouth is? | Activated Charcoal |
| What is the usual dose of Activated Charcoal? | 1 to 2 gram/kg of body weight. There are 2.2 pounds in each kilogram (kg) |
| What medication is administered to diabetics with a low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)? | Oral Glucose |
| What is the dose of Oral Glucose? | Usually 15 grams of glucose - The patient must be awake for you to administer this medication to them. |
| What medication is the best medication to give to someone suspected of having an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)? | Aspirin |
| What is the dose for Aspirin? | Usually four baby aspirin (81 mg each) which would equal 324mg, or one adult aspirin that is 325 mg. |
| What is another term used for Aspirin? | Acetylsalicylic Acid |
| What medication can be administered to someone in an effort to relieve their chest pain? | Nitroglycerin |
| What is the usual dose of Nitroglycerine? | 0.4 mg |
| How do you administer Nitroglycerine? | Sublingual (under the tongue) |
| What is the patient's systolic blood pressure have to be for you to administer Nitroglycerine to them? | 100 mmHg |
| If a patient took a medication for erectile disfunction (like Viagra), how many hours must have gone by before you can administer Nitroglycerine to them? | 24-48 hours |
| What medication can you administer to a patient that is experiencing a severe allergic reaction? | Epinephrine |
| How much Epinephrine dose an adult Epi-Pen deliver? | 0.3 mg |
| How much Epinephrine dose a pediatric Epi-Pen deliver? | 0.15 mg |
| Where in the body is an Epi-Pen used? | It is injected into the outer portion of the patient's thigh (intramuscular) |
| What medication can you administer to a patient that is suspected of having a narcotic overdose? | Narcan |
Created by:
kevinakers