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Chapter 2 questions

QuestionAnswer
What determines the physical and chemical properties of matter? The structure of atoms
What are atoms composed of? They are composed of subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What do the particles with the same charges do when close to each other? They repeal each other.
What do particles with different charges do when close to each other? They attract each other.
What are the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons? Electron is -1 Proton is +1 Neutron has no charge
What is the heaviest subatomic particle? Neutron
What is the lightest subatomic particle? Electron
What does the structure of an atom look like? Has a nucleus with the neutrons and protons inside and the electrons of the outer rings.
What subatomic particles are the same amount in an atom? protons and electrons
What determines the atomic number of an element? Protons
What does the mass number tell you? The number of neutrons plus protons
What does the atomic number tell you? The number of protons or electrons
How do you state an isotope of carbon with 14 electrons? Carbon-14
What are the seven diatomic particles? Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, Florine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine.
What are metalloids? Metalloids have some properties of both metals and nonmetals
What is the atomic weight formula? 1st isotope-(isotope percent in decimal)(isotope weight) + 2nd isotope- (isotope percent in decimal)( isotope weight)
When atoms go through chemical reactions they don't change but what is lost or gained? Electrons
What do metals tend to become and how? They tend to become cations by losing their electrons.
What do nonmetals tend to become and how? They tend to become anions by gaining electrons.
Is their any molecules in ionic compounds? No
When writing chemical formulas for ions what do the charges help determine? The subscript for the other atom.
What are the six essential elements? Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
What do cations formed from nonmetals have at the end of its name? -ium
What do cations formed from metals have as a name? The name of the metal followed by the word ion.
What is used to name a metal that can form cations with different charges? The elements name with the charge of it in roman numeral form in parentheses. Example- iron(III)
How are the names of monatomic anions formed? The ending of the element name is replaced -ide. Example- oxide ion is O^-2
What are oxyanions? Polyatomic anions that have oxygen
When are the endings -ate and -ite used for oxyanions? -ate is used for the oxyanions that have the most oxygen atoms of the other while -ite is used for the oxyanions with the fewest oxygen atoms
What do acid formulas always start with? H molecule
What is an acid composed of? A hydrogen + ion that neutralizes an anion.
What happens to an anions name that has -ide ending when becoming an acid? Ending is changed to -ic and name begins with hydro-
What happens to an anions name with endings -ate or -ite when it changes into a acid? Prefixes are the same -ite becomes -ous -ate becomes -ic
What rules are used for naming binary molecular compounds? look at notes
What are the greek prefixes for number 1-10? Mono-1 Di-2 Tri-3 Tetra-4 Penta-5 Hexa-6 Hepta-7 Octa-8 Nona-9 Deca-10
What are the naming rules for alkanes? All alkanes end with -ane and begin with the greek prefix that show the amount of carbons
Which groups on the periodic table form only one ion and what is the charge? 1A are alkali metals; form 1+ions 2A are alkaline earths; form 2+ ions 3A form 3+ ions 7A are halogens; form 1- ions 6A form 2- ions 5A form 3- ions 8A are noble gases
How do you predict the chemical formulas of two elements? 1. Get the possible charges of each element 2. Balance the two elements Ex. Ga and F Ga has a potential ion of 3+ and F has 1- Ga^3+ F^1- GaF_3 Number of superscripts becomes the bottom script of the other element and done
Created by: Datboiluis4
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