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psy chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sensation | is the activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy |
| Perception | - is the sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and intergration of stimli carried out by the sense organs and brain. |
| Stimulus | is any passing source of physical energy that produces a response in a sense organ |
| Psychophysics | study of the relationship between the physical aspects of stimuli and our physical experience of them |
| Absolute Threshold | smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for it to be detected |
| Difference Threshold | -smallest level of added (or reduced) stimulation to sense that a change in stimulation has occurred |
| Weber’s Law | States that a just noticeable difference in a constant proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus |
| Adaptation | is an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli |
| Gestalt Laws of Organization | some of the most basic perceptual processes can be described by a series of principles that focus on the ways we organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes |
| Top-Down Processing | Perception is guided by high-level knowledge, experience, and motivations |
| Bottom-Up Processing | Consists of the progression of recognizing and processing information from individual components of a stimuli and moving to the perception of the whole |
| Depth Perception | Ability to view the world in 3-d and to perceive distance |
| Visual Illusions | consistently produce errors in perception |
| ______________is the stimulation of the sense organs; ____________ is the sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli by sense organs to the brain. | sensation, perception |
| The term absolute threshold refers to the ____________ intensity of a stimulus that must be present for the stimulus to be detected. | smallest |
| Weber discovered that for a difference between two stimuli to be perceptible the stimuli must differ by at least a ____________ proportion | contrast |
| After Completing a difficult rock climbing in the morning, Carmella found the afternoon climb unexpectedly easy. This case illustrates the phenomenon of _________________. | adaptation |
| Closure | Groupings are made in terms of complete figures |
| Proximity | elements that are closer together are grouped together |
| Similarity | Elements similar in appearance are grouped together |
| Simplicity | Patterns are perceived in the most basic, direct manner possible. |
| _______________ analysis deals with the way in which we break an object down into its component pieces in order to understand it. | Top-Down Processing; Bottom-Up Processing |
| When a car passes you on a road and appears to shrink as it get farther away , the phenomenon of ___________ ____________ permits you to realize that the car in fact is not getting smaller. | Perceptual Constancy |
| __________________ is the ability to view the world in three dimension instead of two. | Depth Perception |
| The Brain Makes use of a phenomenon know as _____________ __________ or the difference in the images the two eyes see, to give three dimensions to sight. | binocular disparity |
| ________________ is a selective developmental condition often referred to as "faceblindness." | Prosopagnosia |
| measuring just how loud the audio on a commercial needs to be before you recognize it as being louder than the program you were watching will reveal the _______________________. | Just Noticeable Difference |
| If you are studying with a CD player on, eventually you may not hear the music as it seems to blend into the background. This is an example of __________________. | Adaptions |
| some of the most basic perceptual processes can be described by a series of principles that focus on ways we organize bits and pieces of information into a meaningful whole. The principles are known as______________________ | Gestalt Laws of Organization |
| Even though top-down processing allows us to fill in the gaps in ambiguous and out-of-context stimuli, we would be unable to perceive the meaning of such stimuli without ______________________________. | Bottom-Up Processing |
| ________ are physical stimuli that consistently produce errors in perception. | Visual Illusion |
| Perception that does not involve our known senses is called________________. | Extrasensory Perception |
| Macon Whoopee received a(n) _________ of pain when she whacked her knee on a corner of the coffee table. Her _________ of the pain caused her to yell out, rub her knee, and hop around. | Sensation, Perception |
| ____________ is the study of the relationship between the physical aspects of stimuli (sensations) and our psychological experience of them. | Psychophysics. |
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lucia1031