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OB/GYN - EMT
OB/GYN EMT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Gynecology? | Gynecology – is the branch of medicine that deals with health maintenance and diseases of women, primarily reproductive organs |
| What is Obstetrics? | Obstetrics – Branch of medicine that deals with care of women throughout pregnancy |
| Name the female internal reproductive organs: | Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uteru & vagina |
| What makes a female so susceptible to having an UTI? | Because their urethra is so small (2-3cm) it allows easy access for bacteria to invade the bladder |
| The period of time from ovulation to menstruation is always ___________. | 14 days |
| The first two week of the menstrual cycle is known as the __________ and is dominated by estrogen, which causes the uterine lining (endometrium) to thicken and become engorged with blood. | Proliferative phase |
| What are the three functions of the vagina? | Female organ of copulation, the birth canal and the outlet for menstrual blood and tissue to leave body. |
| How do you measure the fundal height of a pregnant patient? | Measure from the pubic symphysis to the fundus |
| What are the three layers that make up the wall of the uterus? | Endometrium, myometrium and the perimetrium |
| What is Amenorrhea? | Stopping of the menstrual cycle |
| What are the two most common gynecologic emergencies that you will be called upon in the EMS world? | Abdominal pain and vaginal hemorrhage |
| You are treating a pregnant female patient that is G4, P3 – what does this mean? | That she has been pregnant 4 times and has delivered 3 children |
| Where do most eggs get fertilized in the female reproductive system? | In the distal third of the fallopian tube |
| Your patient complains of dyspareunia – what is this? | Pain during sexual intercourse |
| What is the average blood loss during the menstrual phase? | 50 ml's |
| What functions does the placenta provide for the developing fetus? | It transfers heat while exchanging O2 and CO2, delivers nutrients such as glucose, potassium, sodium and chloride, and carries away waste byproducts such as urea and uric acid. It also serves as an endocrine gland throughout the pregnancy. |
| When does the umbilical cord for the fetus usually develop during pregnancy? | Usually between the 5th and 6th week of gestation |
| Normally, the umbilical cord has ____ arteries and ____ vein that are embedded in a substance called ____________. | 2 arteries and 1 vein. Wharton’s Jelly |
| What are the three shunts that are utilized for fetal blood circulation? | Ductus venosus, Foramen ovale (Septum Primum) and Ductus arteriosus |
| The placenta is usually expelled from the uterus within _________ minutes after giving birth to the fetus. | 20 minutes |
| Pregnancy is divided into trimesters each lasting approximately ____ weeks long. | 13 |
| The umbilical vein transports __________ blood to the fetus. | Oxygenated |
| What is Gravidity? | Gravidity is the number of times that a woman has been pregnant |
| You are taking care of a pregnant female that is Grand Multiparity – what does this mean? | This means that she has delivered at least 7 babies |
| The umbilical arteries transport _________ blood from the fetus back to the placenta. These arteries originate from the ____________. | Deoxygenated, Internal Illiac arteries |
| You are taking care of a young female that is in her third trimester and presents with a massive vaginal hemorrhage. The patient denies any pain and states “she feels like she is going to die.” What is this patient probably suffering from? | Placenta previa |
| What is the most common cause of vaginal hemorrhage for a pregnant female during the first and second trimester? | Abortion (miscarriage) |
| Abnormal implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterus is called an ______________ - ___% of these happen in the fallopian tubes. | Ectopic pregnancy, 95% |
| You are called to the scene for a pregnant female that presents with severe “tearing” abdominal pain with a massive vaginal hemorrhage – what should you suspect? | Placentae abruptio |
| What sign(s)/symptom(s) would delineate Preeclampsia vs. Eclampsia? | Seizure or coma |
| What is Supine Hypotensive Syndrome? | This is hypotension that results from the compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus |
| What happens during “Stage One” of labor? | Stage one is also known as the dilation stage – this begins with the onset of true labor and ends with complete dilation and effacement of the cervix. |
| What happens during “Stage Two” of labor? | Stage two (also known as the expulsion stage) begins with the complete dilation and the cervix and ends with the delivery of the fetus. |
| What happens during “Stage Three” of labor? | Stage three (also known as the placental stage) begins after the birth of the fetus and ends with the birth of the placenta. |
| What categories are evaluated with the APGAR scoring system? | Appearance, Pulse rate, Grimace (irritability), Activity(muscle tone) and Respiratory effort. |
| Infants that score between 4 and 6 of the APGAR scale are considered ___________ depressed and require oxygen and stimulation to breathe. | Moderately |
| You are taking care of a newborn that is bradycardic that doesn’t respond to oxygen and ventilations – what is your next super important step? | Begin chest compressions |
| When newborns get hypoxic, their heart rate will ______ and their ventilation rate will _______. | Decrease & decrease |
| What is the most common congenital defect? | Heart defects |
| Most fetal development occurs during the ______________ of pregnancy. It is during this time that the developing fetus is most sensitive to environmental factors and substances that can affect normal development. | First Trimester |
| Congenital heart defects are often classified by whether or not they ________________, ______________, or __________________. | Increase, decrease or obstruct blood flow |
| A _____________ is a birth defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the diaphragm, the muscle that helps you breath. This usually happens on the patient’s _______ side. | Diaphragmatic hernia, left |
| A birth defect where the spinal cord and associated structures are exposed is called a _______________. | Meningoymelocele |
| At what measurements do we clamp and then cut the umbilical cord at? | First clamp 10cm (4inches), 2nd clamp 15cm (6inches) and then cut in the middle |
| ____________ is a birth defect in which the infant’s intestine or other abdominal organs protrude from the umbilicus. | Omphalocele |
| In what position would you want to place an infant with a suspected diaphragmatic hernia? | With the head elevated |
| A congenital defect in where the heart is situated on the right side of the body is called ___________. | Dextrocardia |
| An neonate with an APGAR score less than 4 is considered to be __________ distressed. | Severely |
| How soon after the birth of the fetus should we apply clamps to the umbilical cord? | 30-45 seconds |
| If a neonate has a heart rate less than 60 beats a minute – what action do we provide them? | High quality CPR |
| What is the number one reason that an infant/child will go into cardiac arrest? | From a respiratory problem |
| You are taking care of a pediatric patient that requires suctioning – what pressure would you want your suction unit set to? | No more than 100 mmHg |
| What is the most important link in the pediatric chain or survival? | It is the first link – prevention |
| True or False: Most children that are treated by EMS require Advanced Life Support (ALS). | False – 85% of all pediatric patients only require BLS intervention |
| The posterior fontanelle usually closes by ____ months of age whereas the anterior fontanelle usually closes between ___ and ____ months of age. | Posterior usually closes by 4 months of age, Anterior closes between 9 and 18 months |
| What three things make up the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)? | Appearance, Work of breathing & Circulation |
| Suctioning should be limited to no more than _____ seconds in a pediatric patient. | 10 seconds |
| What is the one vital sign that clearly delineates between compensated and decompensated shock in kids? | Blood pressure – once the child is found to be hypotensive that is considered to be decompensated shock |
| Give me an example of obstructive shock? | Tension pneumothorax, Cardiac tamponade, Massive PE |
| What is the number one reason for a pediatric patient to suffer a pneumothorax during EMS care/intervention? | Providers not using the BVM correctly – provide too much pressure and cause a pneumothorax |
| Give me some examples of distributive shock in the pediatric patient: | Septic shock, Anaphylactic shock, Neurogenic shock |
| What is the first stage of labor? | The first stage of labor begins with the onset of true labor and ends with the complete dilation of the cervix. |
| Where do most eggs get fertilized in the female reproductive system? | Usually in the distal third of the fallopian tube. |
| You are treating a female that complains of moderate to severe pain with ovulation – this patient is said to be suffering from ___________. | Mittelschmerz |
Created by:
kevinakers