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GI - EMT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is considered the hallmark of an acute abdominal emergency? | Pain |
| What are the three main classifications of abdominal pain? | Visceral, Somatic & Referred |
| What type of abdominal pain originates in the walls of hollow organs such as the gallbladder or appendix? | Visceral |
| What are the three mechanisms that can produce Visceral abdominal pain? | Inflammation, Distention (being stretched out or inflated), and Ischemia (inadequate blood flow) |
| What type of abdominal pain is usually sharp and travels along definite neural routes? | Somatic Pain |
| What type of abdominal pain originates in a region other than it is felt? | Referred Pain |
| Upper GI bleeding is defined at bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract proximal to what structure? | Ligament of Treitz |
| What type of hemorrhage is usually associated with someone who induces vomiting? | Mallory-Weiss Syndrome |
| Vomiting up blood is known as: | Hematemesis |
| Dark, tarry, foul-smelling stool indicating the presence of partially digested blood is called? | Melena |
| For Melena to be present, how much blood must drain into the GI tract and remain there for 5-8 hours? | 150 mL |
| How much of a drop in B/P must you see to say someone is positive for orthostatic hypotension? | 10 mmHg |
| How much of an increase in a patient's heart rate must you see to say someone is positive for orthostatic hypotension? | 20 beats per minute |
| An _________________________ is a swollen vein of the esophagus. | Esophageal Varix |
| What is the most common cause of esophageal varices? | Alcoholic liver cirrhosis |
| Dehydration secondary to _____________________ is a common cause of death in developing nations but is seen far less frequently in the United States. | Diarrhea |
| Inflammation of the stomach and the intestines with associated sudden onset of vomiting and/or diarrhea is known as: | Acute Gastroenteritis |
| Bright red blood in the stool is known as: | Hematochezia |
| Inflammation of the GI mucosa marked by long-term mucosal changes or permanent mucosal damage is known as: | Chronic Gastroenteritis |
| An erosion that is caused by gastric acid is known as: | A peptic ulcer |
| Lower GI bleeding occurs in the GI tract distal to what ligament? | Ligament of Treitz |
| Small masses of swollen veins that occur in the anus (external) or rectum (internal) are known as: | Hemorrhoids |
| Inflammation of the gallbladder is known as: | Cholecystitis |
| What is the most common cause of Cholecystitis? | Gall stones |
| Inflammation of the pancreas is known as: | Pancreatitis |
| Small outpouchings in the mucosal lining of the intestinal tract is known as: | Diverticula |
| The presence of diverticula, with or without bleeding is known as: | Diverticulosis |
| Inflammation of intestinal diverticula is known as: | Diverticulitis |
| The common site of pain from an appendicitis, which is 1 to 2 inches above the anterior iliac crest in a direct line with the umbilicus is known as: | McBurney's Point |
| Pain caused when an inflamed gall-bladder is palpated by pressing under the right costal margin is known as: | Murphy's Sign |
| A condition that occurs when part of an intestine slips into the part just distal to itself is known as: | Intussusception |
| Twisting of the intestine on itself is known as: | Volvulus |
| Inflammation and damage to the liver hepatocytes is known as: | Hepatitis |
| Coughing up blood from the respiratory tree is known as: | Hemoptysis |
| Where in your GI tract is the most common place for a bowel obstruction to occur? | In the small intestine |
| The small intestine is broken down into three sections - what are they? | The Duodenum, Jejunum and the Ileum |
| Where does 90% of the nutrient absorption occur in the GI tract? | In the small intestine |
| What is the main job of the large intestine? | Water reabsorption |
| Superficial edema and bruising around the umbilicus is known as: | Cullen's Sign |
| Superficial edema and bruising that occurs to either the patients left or right lateral side is known as: | Grey Turner's Sign |
| What is a class 1 hemorrhage? | A blood loss of less than 15% |
| What is a class 2 hemorrhage? | Blood loss of 15-25% |
| What is a class 3 hemorrhage? | Blood loss of 25-35% |
| What is a class 4 hemorrhage? | Blood loss greater than 35% - Patient survival is unlikely |
| If you were to auscultate the abdomen, what is the recommend amount of time to listen to each quadrant? | 2 minutes |
| Pain that originates in the abdomen but is felt in the shoulder is known as: | Kehr's Sign |
| Persistent abdominal pain lasting longer than _______ hours is classified as a surgical emergency. | 6 |
Created by:
kevinakers