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PT 115
Psych Review Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Final Stage of human growth and development is: | death |
| A young nurse caring for a dying patient hastens through the care and leaves the room as quickly as possible. The nurse is exhibiting a common reaction to the care of the dying, which is: | withdrawal |
| Upon being told of her father's death, the daughter cries out, "No! Oh, God, no!" The nurse recognizes this behavior as an example of the grief stage of: | denial |
| The nurse recognizes that when a dying patient uses the call light frequently to ask the nurse to do many small tasks, the patient may be experiencing fear of: | abandonment |
| Following the death of a day-old infant, the nurse brings the baby to the parents to: | make death a reality |
| After a physician in the emergency department has pronounced a 2-year-old dead following a swimming pool accident, the mother tearfully says to the father, "I am sorry. I am so sorry." The nurse recognizes that the mother is expressing: | guilt |
| The nurse explains that termination of tube feeding to a dying patient is a form of: | passive euthanasia |
| When instructing a patient about a durable power of attorney, the nurse explains that in case the patient becomes incapacitated, this document: | directs an agent to make health care decisions. |
| When a nurse informs a patient's spouse that the patient has died, the spouse states, "You must be mistaken." According to Kubler-Ross's stages of dying theory, the spouse is demonstrating: | denial |
| A patient whose spouse died 1 year earlier complains of feeling overwhelmingly lonely and has withdrawn from interpersonal interactions. The patient is demonstrating what stage of dying according to Kubler-Ross's stages of dying theory? | depression |
| When the nurse discusses prevention of cardiac disease, falls, and depression with a group of older adults, it is important to stress the benefits of: | exercise |
| Because thin skin and lack of subcutaneous fat predisposes the older adult to pressure ulcers, the nurse alters the care plan to include turning the bedfast patient every: | 2 hours |
| At mealtime, the older adult seems to be eating less food than adequate. The nurse recognizes that the older adult compared to the younger sult requires: | fewer calories |
| The older patient informs the nurse that the food has no taste and therefore she has no appetite. The nurse recognizes this is most likely caused by: | loss of taste buds |
| When the nurse attempts to assist an older adult who is having difficulty swallowing, the nurse suggest a position in which the chin is held: | down |
| The older adult female patient is concerned about incontinence when she sneezes. The nurse explains that this type of incontinence is called: | stress incontinence |
| A change of aging related to the circulatory system includes decreased blood vessel elasticity, which leads the nurse to assess for: | hypertension |
| The home health nurse cautions the older adult patient that because of age-related changes in the musculoskeletal system, there is an increased risk for: | falls related to posture changes |
| The nurse is assisting an older adult patient out of bed when suddenly the patient begins to fall. This could be caused by: | orthostatic hypertension |
| The postmenopausal woman asks the nurse about the risk of osteoporosis and how to find out if she is at risk. The nurse tells her the best test for this is: | bone density scan |
| The nurse explains that as a result of loss of elasticity of the lens, an age-related vision change occurs called: | presbyopia |
| The hospice nurse explains to the family that the overall objective of hospice service is to: | keep the patient comfortable as death approaches |
| The hospice nurse clarifies that hospice service is initiated when what type of treatment is no longer effective? | Curative |
| The nurse differentiates for the family active and palliative care, in that active care is: | focused on treatment for a cure |
| The hospice nurse explains that to qualify for admission to a hospice, the attending physician must certify that the patient has a alife expectancy of fewer than: | 6 months |
| The nurse carefully assesses the symptom faced by the dying patient that often disrupts the quality and enjoyment of life and can be excruciating and terrifying. That symptom is: | pain |
| The nurse must educate the patient and caregiver that large doses of narcotics are required to control pain. It is good to educate the patient and caregiver that the dose that works is the dose: | that provides pain relief |
| The nurse warns that nausea is a common side effect with opioid treatment, and rather than discontinuing the opioid, it is better to treat the nausea with: | antiemetics |
| When educating a patient concerning ways to prevent nausea, the nurse suggests that eating slowly in a pleasant atmosphere will help, as well as taking an antiemetic how many minutes before meals? | 30 |
| The nurse prepares the family for the most common problem of the terminally ill patient caused by narcotics, which is: | constipation |
| The hospice nurse documents an assessment finding of cachexia in the patient record, which describes a state of: | marked weakness and emaciation |
| The nirse reassures the patient and caregiver that part of the end-of-dying process is: | anorexia |
| The hospice nurse recommends that the patient prepare the document that provides guidance to the family concerning the patient's wishes regarding life-support measures and organ donation. This document is called a(n): | advance directive |
| The patient has right-sided heart failure. She will probably be comfortable in which position? | Dorsal recumbent |
| A patient has heart failure. His physician's orders include complete bed rest. The nurse knows that this order means he | must remain as quiet as possible, with any task requiring physical effort done for him. |
| The patient achieves comfort in breathing only when he assumes a sitting posture. During the charting of this position, the nurse can describe this as | orthopnea |
| What is defined as a distended dilated segment of an artery? | Aneurysm |
| A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of possible aortic aneurysm. In assessing her, it is most important to monitor her | blood pressure |
| A patient, age 65, has chronic angina pectoris. Has questions about the proper use of nitroglycerin for pain management. She was unsure about how many times she should take nitroglycerin for an episode of angina. The best reply the nurse could make is | "If the pain is not relieved after three doses of nitroglycerin at 5-minute intervals, call your physician and come to the hospital." |
| Dependent edema of the extremities, enlargement of the liver, oliguria, jugular vein distention, and abdominal distention are signs and symptoms of | right-sided heart failure |
| A patient, age 72, was admitted to the medical unit with a diagnosis of angina pectoris. Characteristic signs and symptoms of angina pectoris include: | substernal pain that radiates down the left arm |
| The patient, age 26, is hospitalized with cardiomyopathy. While obtaining a nursing hx from her, the nurse recognizes that the increased incidence of cardiomyopathy in young adults who have minimal risk factors for cardiovascular disease is related to | cocaine use |
| Restlessness, diaphoresis, severe dyspnea, tachypnea, hemoptysis, audible wheezing, and crackles are signs and symptoms of | pulmonary edema |
| The nurse identifies the problem of a potential complication-pulmonary edema-for a patient in acute congestive heart failure (CHF). For which early symptom of this problem does the nurse assess? | Pink. froth sputum |
| A patient has a diagnosis of heart failure. When the nurse walks into his room he is leaning over his bedside table and is short of breath. The medical term to describe his respiratory status is | orthopnea |
| During the nursing history and physical assessment of a patient with left-sided heart failure, which finding might the nurse expect related to the patient's diagnosis? | Orthopnea with bubbling crackle throughout the lungs |
| A patient with angina pectoris is being discharged with nitroglycerin tablets. Which of the instructions does the nurse include in the teaching? | "When your chest pain begins, lie down and place one tablet under your tongue. If the pain continues, take another tablet in 5 minutes." |
| Which nursing intervention reduces myocardial oxygen demand? | Elevating the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees |
| The circulation of the lungs is through the | pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins |
| A 62-year-old patient is seen in the emergency department with an epistaxis. When a patient has an epistaxis, the correct nursing interventions would be | place the patient in Fowler's position with the head forward |
| A 68-year-old male patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He has a markedly increased need for protein and calories to maintain an adequate nutritional status. To help him get nutrition he needs, the nurse would encourage him to | rest 30 minutes before eating |
| An 83yr old is admitted with a temp 102F, chest pain, and fatigue. The chest radiograph reveals an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which the physician removes by performing a thoracentesis. The nurse correctly records the purulent exudate as: | empyema |
| Which instruction by the nurse is INAPPROPRIATE for teaching the proper technique for collecting a sputum specimen? | Collect specimen after meals |
| A patient, age 69, has emphysema. On assessing him, the nurse notes the presence of a "barrel chest." This pathology results from a(n) | increased anteroposterior diameter caused by over-inflation of the aveoli |
| A patient, age 22, is admitted with acute asthma. It is important to monitor his oxygen saturation levels. The quickest way to assess his saturation of oxygen is to | use pulse oximetry |
| The appropriate nursing intervention for a patient, age 40, who is diagnosed with active tuberculosis would be to | place the patient in acid-fast bacillus (AFB) isolation precautions |
| A 54yr old postop day 2 after undergoing open cholecystectomy. After the surgery, she vomited & may have aspirated some emesis. The nurse is concerned that the patient will develop pneumonia. In planning for her care, the nurse suspects the pt may have | aspiration pheumonia |
| The patient has COPD. To teach him pursed-lip breathing, the nurse should instruct him to inhale slowly through his | nose, then exhale more slowly through pursed lips |
| A patient, age 68, has a long history of COPD and is admitted to the hospital with cor pulmonale. He says his Dr said his heart was failing & asks whether he is having a heart attack. Which explanation by the nurse is most correct? | "You aren't having a heart attack, but your heart has been damaged by changes in your lungs caused by your respiratory disease." |
| During discharge teaching of a pulmonary emphysema patient who is going home with oxygen, what does the nurse emphasize? | "Keep low flow oxygen at 1 to 2 L by nasal cannula." |
| When a patient has experienced a pneumothorax, chest ausculation reveals | bilateral unequal breath sounds, with no breath sounds over the affected area |
| The amount of hormone released by any gland is controlled by | a negative feedback system |
| Which diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus provides a measure of glucose levels for the previous 8 to 12 weeks? | Glycoslylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) |
| The patient is a newly diagnosed diabetic. Until he has his diabetes under control, which test will furnish valuable immediate feedback information? | BS |
| A 20yr old college student who has type 1 diabetes and normally walks each evening as part of exercise regimen. She now wants to swim to meet her PE requirement. Which adjustment in her treatment plan will the nurse help this patient make? | Monitor glucose level before, during, and after swimming to determine the need for alteration in food or insulin |
| A long-term complication of diabetes mellitus is | renal failure |
| In diabetes insipidus, clinical manifestations are caused by a deficiency of | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
| Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism as the result of a newly developed goiter? | Disturbed body image |
| A patient is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. In the treatment of hyperthyroidism, which one of these medications is likely to be prescribed to decrease the activity of her thyroid gland? | Propylthiouracil |
| A pt is admitted w/subtotal thyroidectomy. She is returned to the surgical unit after a short stay in the post anesthesia care unit. On IV Fluids. When pt has completely recovered from anesthesia, & VS are stable, which position would be most apprpriate | Semi-Fowler's |
| What would be most necessary to place postop at the bedside of the patient with a subtotal thyroidectomy? | Tracheotomy tray |
| The human insulin whose onset of action occurs within ___ minutes is HUmalog (Lispro). | 15 |
| A patient has asked why she needs to exercise. The nurse tells her that if the diabetic patient exercises, then the insuling requirement | decreases |
| Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign are test to determine | low levels of blood calcium |
| A 69 yr old patient with diabetes mellitus is admitted with cellulitis of the right foot. In applying moist packs to his ulcerated foot, the nurse should use aseptic techniques to | prevent the introduction of additional microorganisms |
| A patient has type 1 diabetes (IDDM). The nurse is teaching her early signs and symptoms of insulin reaction, which include | perspiration and a trembling sensation |
| Common early signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include | thirst and drowsiness |
| A 61 pt w/type 2 diabetes for 20yrs has symmetrical peripheral polyneuropathy of his feet & legs w/almost total loss of sensitivity to touch & temp. To prevent injury & infection which instruction should be taught? | He should not go barefoot and should always wear shoes with soles. |
| The name of this area of the brain means "bridge." | pons |
| The cranial nerve that supplies most of the organs in the thoracic & ab cavities & also carries motor fibers to glands that produce digestive juices & other secretions is the | vagus nerve |
| A patient in a Motorcycle accident is presenting signs & symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. What is most significant sign & symptom of increased intracranial pressure? | decrease in the level of consciousness |
| The patient, injured in an automobile accident, is being evaluated in the ER dept. for possible head injury. Which test should NOT be done if there is an indication of increased intracranial pressure? | Lumbar puncture |
| As the result of a stroke, a patient has difficulty discerning the position of his body w/o looking at it. In nurse documentation, which would best describe patient's inability to assess spatial position of his body? | Proprioception |
| A patient, age 45, is to have a myelogram to confirm the presence of a herniated intervertebral disk. Which nursing action ahould be planned for her w/respect to this diagnostic test? | Obtain an allergy history before the test |
| A patient has recently suffered a stroke w/left-sided weakness. She has problem with choking, especially when she drinks thin liquids. What nursing intervention would be MOST helpful in assisting to swallow safely? | Instructing her to tuck her chin when swallowing |
| A patient's neurologcial status deteriorates over hours, & a craniotomy is performed to evacuate the hematoma. Which nursing intervention is indicated to help decrease the threat of increased intracranial pressure? | elevate HOB 30 degrees |
| A patient has hx of toni-clonic seizures & is admitted to neurological unit after having 3 tonic-clonic seizures in 2 days. Husband report that she has been sleeping for long periods after seizures. Nurse explains that this period after TC seizure is | postictal period |
| A patient has been diagnosed w/organic brain pathology. He has signs & symptoms of total or partial loss of the ability to recognize familiar objects or people thru sensory simulation. This condition is | agnosia |
| A patient has been complaining of headaches. If headaches are migraine, the nurse would expect to assess that the headaches: | they may cause unusual smells or sounds for the patient before the pain begins |
| Before the patient undergoes computed tomographic (CT) scanning w/contrast medium, the nurse should | verify the patient is not allergic to seafood or iodine |
| The Glasgow coma scale is a screening tool used to assess level of consciousness in three major areas. They are | eye, motor, verbal |
| A patient, age 23, has a comminuted fracture of T6-T&. She has a spinal cord injury resulting in paraplegia. She manifests signs & symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia, which is frequently triggered by | bladder distention |
| A patient, age 52, is brought to ER by ambulance after she hit her head on her bathroom sink and fell unconscious to the floor. Which assessment should the nurse perform first? | Patency of airway |
| A 39-year-old mother of four has a 6-year hx of multiple sclerosis. During planning, the nurse remembers this is a degenerative neurological disease that | results from demyelination of the nerve sheath |
| A patient, age 69, is being evaluated by a neurologist for signs of muscle rigidity, masklike face (area from forehead to chin), and propulsive gait. These signs are often characteristic of | Parkinsonism |
| A patient, age 27, has been admitted to the neurological dept. because of seizures of unkwon cause. The nurse should take precautions by | being certain padded side rails are present |
| If a patient with a head injury has drainage from the nose or ears, which nursing intervention would be appropriate? | Allow the patient to wipe nose or ears, but NOT to blow the nose or place anything in the external ear |
| A lumbar puncture is performed to obtain which specimen? | Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) |
| IN the aging process, older adults are able to | learn new skills |
| Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction characterized by fluctuating weakness of certain skeletal muscle groups. The use of intravenous immune globulin | reduces the production of acetylcholine antibodies |
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