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Non-blood summative
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe how will patient deafness influence patient identification. | Patient will be unable to hear questions and therefore may not answer correctly. |
| Describe how will a confused and sedated patient influence patient identification. | They may not understand and give incorrect answers. |
| Describe how will a patient that had a stroke (cerebral vascular accident) influence patient identification. | They may have had a stroke and speech may have been affected and therefore they could not speak properly to say their name...They may be confused from the stroke and not understand you properly. |
| Describe the recommended way to identify a ward patient | Look at the name and date of birth on the ID bracelet...Ask patient to state their full name...Compare it with the name and date of birth on request form...Info must match exactly. |
| List the barriers to correct identification. | Patient deafness...Unidentified patient...Unconscious patient...Confused patient...No ID bracelet for ward patient for ward patient...language...Complacency...New born babies not yet named. |
| What is the purpose of a 24 hour urine collection. | To detect levels of certain proteins and hormones, including creatine, a protein released from the muscle. In addition, some compounds are excreted in varying amounts over the course of a day, so a 24 hour specimen is used to determine an average value |
| Why is it important that you make sure that the patient understands the instructions properly by asking open ended questions? | Because the accuracy of the result depends on the patient. |
| Why is it important to start the urine collection by passing urine into the toilet? | The bladder must be empty. The urine voided is from the previous time period. |
| Why is it important to drink your normal amount of fluid during the collection. | The bottle does not have to be filled. |
| What is the reason for collecting all the urine voided for the next 24 hours? | The result are based on the total amount of urine passed in the 24 hour period |
| If a urine and faeces sample needs to be collected, why is it important to collect the urine first and then the faeces? | To prevent the urine from being lost and faecal contamination of the urine. |
| If you pass urine into the toilet by mistake, what is the reason for starting the 24 hr collection all over again? | The collection will not be accurate, because all the urine passed in the 24 hour period needs to be in the bottle. |
| Identify 2 visuals observations that may alert you to the fact that a patient has not collected all the urine in a 24 hour period. | Too little urine in the bottle... An overfull bottle...Visible spill lines down bottle. |
| When instructing a patient for urine MC&S, what needs to be asked of the patient and documented on the request form? | Usage of any antibiotics. |
| Before obtaining a urine specimen from a patient with a indwelling urinary catheter you must... | Clamp the catheter tubing for 30 minutes prior to collection. |
| What according to your SOP on specimen collection for cytology, must you do if you cannot transport the specimen to the lab immediately. | Put in the fridge...If delay is anticipated, dilute with equal volumes of 50% alcohol |
| Give 5 reasons for stool collection. | Evaluate GIT disorders e.g malabsorption of fat. Detect intestinal parasites and their eggs. Culture to detect bacteria and virusses. gastrointestinal bleeding. Malabsorbtion of sugars by the small intestine. Colon cancer |
| What dietary advice is recommended to a patient who has to produce a stool specimen for occult blood? | Avoid meat for 3 days prior to collection |
| Describe how a mother of a young baby should collect a stool sample from a young baby. | Line the nappy with a plastic bag. When the baby has passed the stool, only a teaspoon full in the container. Don't collect from disposable nappy and don't send the nappy to the lab. Write your baby's name on the container. Return the container to the lab |
| What is the reasons for 2-7 day ejaculatory abstinence prior to the collection of a semen sample? | • The period of abstinence influences semen parameters (especially the volume and concentration of sperm cells) • This period is primarily to standardize the conditions for evaluation and thus reduce inter-sample variations |
| The post collection temperature requirement for a semen analysis is ... | Body temperature (20-37 degrees Celsius) |
| Explain the procedure to follow if you encounter a patient in the ward who is not wearing an ID bracelet | •Ask sr to ID pt &put ID band on pt before you draw specimen •If ID band can't be put on pt, write name of sr who verify pt ID on request form •If pt is of age &mentally competent, ask pt name, surname&DOB, compare info that it matches request exactly |
| Explain the concept of “3way” patient identification | Means the patients ID is confirmed in 3 ways: •Pt gives a verbal statement of name, surname &DOB •Check details on pt’s ID bracelet (must be legible and on the pt) •A visual comparison of labelled specimen with the patient’s ID band & request form |
| Where may ID bracelets be commonly found on infants under 2 years old? | on the ankle |
| Explain the 3 important rules regarding the labelling of specimens | •Samples must be labelled immediately after collection •In the presence of the patient •Before progressing to the next patient or task |
| Explain the impact of collecting a urine sample for MC&S that is contaminated | •Poorly collected, contaminated samples may result in the failure to isolate the causative organism •It could lead to inappropriate treatment of the patient. It could be of no clinical benefit to the patient/the patient would not get well |
| A quantitative faecal fat specimen requires: | A 72 hour stool collection |
| When obtaining a hair sample for fungal analysis, what part of the hair needs to be included in the sample | Include the hair root |
| How are unconscious /unknown patients identified in the trauma unit? | A temporary ID number is assigned to the patient until their identity is established |
| What is the rule regarding patient identification discrepancies? | Do not proceed with specimen collection until the discrepancy has been resolved |
| Describe the container requirements for a semen analysis | •The sample container must be a clean, sterile, wide-mouthed, plastic container with a screw top. •The container should be non-toxic to spermatozoa |
| A Guaiac stool collection tests for: | Occult blood |
| Sample for a 24 hour urine collection | Collection and pooling of all urine voided in a specific time frame |
| When receiving a 24 hour urine collection the following will indicate problems with the quality of the specimen | Evidence of faecal contamination, too much or too little urine in the bottle, evidence of spillage on the side of the bottle |
| Name the specimen type that needs to be collected for tinea capitis | •Hair sample ( with root included) •Skin sample |
| True or false: Throat swab specimens are most commonly used to aid the diagnosis of streptococcal “strep” infections | True |
| Sample for a routine urinalysis | The most commonly requested urine test ( often ordered as part of a physical examination), random urine |
| A first morning specimen is unacceptable for urine cytology because: | Cells may have disintegrated in the bladder overnight |
| Besides skin scrapings for fungal culture, name another skin scraping test that may be used to determine the presence of a fungal infection | Skin scrapings for KOH (potassium hydroxide) preparation |
| Urine for cytology | Urine test used to detect cancer and cytomegalovirus |
| List indications for a semen analysis | •To assess fertility •To assess the effectiveness of sterilization after a vasectomy •Forensic reasons |
| True or false: Approximately 3-5ml of sputum is required for testing | True |
| Midstream clean catch urine | Yields a specimen suitable for microbial analysis, culture and sensitivity testing |
| True or false: Having the patient say “Ahh” during a throat swab collection drops the uvula | False |
| Sample for a Double- voided specimen | Urine specimen obtained 30mininutes after the patient has voided. Used to detect glucose and ketones |
| True or false: Transporting swabs to the lab as soon as possible for testing prevents overgrowth of normal flora | True |
| Urine pregnancy (qualitative) test | Urine tested for human chorionic gonadotropin |
| Sample for a Suprapubic aspiration | Urine sample obtained by inserting a needle directly into the bladder. The sterile urine may be used for cytology or for microbial analysis |
| True or false: It is important to document patient medications prior to obtaining specimens for MC&S | False, antibiotics only |
| Give indications why a sputum specimen may be requested | •Bacterial or viral infection •To assist the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection e.g.TB •For cytology |
| Describe the instructions for semen collection | •Abstain from sex for2-7days •Wash hands&pass urine •Collect entire sample by masturbation in sterile container •Dont use any other container •Dont use condom/Coitus interuptus •Deliver sample to lab in 30min at body temp •Complete questionnaire |
| Give the rationale for Swab from front to back during MSU collection | Cleaning removes bacteria away from the urethral opening including secretions and pubic hair |
| Give the rationale for Hold the labia open with one hand during MSU collection | Allows for proper cleaning of the area |
| Give the rationale for Remove the lid of the container without touching the inside of the lid during MSU collection | Container must remain sterile for accurate results |
| What part of the stream is needed for an MSU? | Middle part/ mid-stream |
| What is the minimum amount of urine needed for testing for a MC&S? | 25-30ml |
| Give the correct term for: Painful micturition | dysuria |
| What is the preferred specimen for a urine specimen for Chlamydia? | First catch of the first urine passed in the day |
| Describe the method of semen collection requirement as stipulated in the SOP | •Collect entire sample •by masturbation only |
| Give the correct term for: Act of passing urine | Micturition/ voiding |
| Write down what needs to be checked when receiving a semen specimen | Check specimen at body temp specified container used Check specimen labeled correct Abstinence 2-7 days specimen by masturbation Entire specimen Time collected illness or fever 12 weeks all medications in 12 weeks. difficulties collecting |
| Give the correct term for: Pus in the urine | Pyuria |
| What is the preferred specimen for a urine for cytology? | Midstream (clean catch) urine of second urine passed in the day |
| Give the correct term for: Blood in the urine | Haematuria |
| What is the legal age of consent for a drugs of abuse test? | 12 years |
| Give the correct term for: Inflammation of the bladder | Cystitis |
| Besides correct specimen labeling with patient name, DOB, specimen type and date and time of collection, explain what else needs to be checked when receiving a sputum sample | •Need to ensure that sample is sputum and not saliva •Check that the sample is in the correct/sterile container •Sufficient sample for testing •Check if any toothpaste or mouthwash was used just prior to collection of sample. •Any antibiotic usage |
| Explain how you should label a specimen when dealing with ear swabs. | Specific site on label-e.g. Right or Left |
| According to the SOP (microbiology specimen collection), when may one nasal swab be used in both nostrils | When checking for staph (staphylococcus aureus) carriage |
| If a semen specimen is produced away from the lab, what are the specimen transportation requirements? | •the specimen must be delivered to the laboratory within30 minutes of collection •at body temperature during this period |
| Define the term sputum | Mucous or phlegm that is ejected from the lungs, bronchi and trachea through deep coughing |
| Is the following statement true or false: Sputum for cytology needs to be preserved in 50% alcohol. | False ( as the alcohol causes mucolytic changes) |
| Which 2 patient measurements need to be completed and documented on the label of the 24 hour urine collection bottle? | • Patient height • Patient weight |
| Explain the special handling for a urine sample for porphyria | Protect from light by wrapping in foil |
| Explain the purpose of a 24 hour urine collection? | • It is used to detect levels of certain proteins, hormones or compounds • Excreted in varying amounts over the course of a day, so a 24 hour specimen is used to determine an average value. |
| If the 24 hour urine test ordered requires a blood sample, when must you draw the blood? | Midpoint during the collection / 12hours into the collection |
| List all the information that must be written on the label of the 24hr urine bottle | • The patients name, age, DOB • Height and weight • If HCL or any other addictive has been added • If any blood specimen needs to be collection • starting time and date & end time and date |
| Explain your responsibilities regarding identification when fetching a specimen that the ward staff has collected. | • Compare the name on the specimen to the one on the request form • They must match exactly • If they do not appear or do not match, return specimen and the form to the ward staff for clarification • Do not change any information yourself |
| Explain the significance of the ICD 10 code on the request form | It is an International code provided by the doctor and is needed for medical payment purposes |
| Why is it important to record GENDER and DATE OF BIRTH on the request form? | • Reference ranges for certain tests differ according to the age and sex of the patient. |
| Name the information block that indicates the age of the specimen | Date and time |
| Explain what the phlebotomist needs to explain to the patient when signing the request form | • That signing the request form they are acknowledging responsibility for any medical aid short falls • Giving permission for tests indicated to be performed |
| Medical term for Athletes foot | Tinea pedis |
| Describe how to collect nail clippings | •Clean area with 70% Isopropyl alcohol &allow to dry •Use sterile nail clippers & scalpel blade •Remove affected piece of nail &place in sterile container •scrape debris from under affected nail •Label &send to lab |
| How much stool is required for a porphyria test? | Approximately 100g faeces |
| Medical term for Jock Itch | Tinea Cruris |
| Identify the special handling for a stool specimen for parasites | Keep specimen at room or body temperature |
| Medical term for Nail fungus | Onychomycosis |
| Describe the general rules ( as per the SOP) on request forms under the following headings: Writing on the form | • Use black ink only • Do not use tippex • No highlighters • Handwriting must be legible • Mark the appropriate box for each test clearly to avoid mistakes |
| Medical term for Ringworm | Tinea corporis |
Created by:
cisca