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ch.8 muscular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the kind of energy that muscles use to contract is | chemical |
| list tissue found in skeletal muscle | skeletal muscle tissue, blood, nervous tissue, connective tissue |
| An individual skeletal is separated from adjacent muscles by | fascia |
| layers of connective tissue extending into the muscle to form partitions between muscle bundles are continuous with attachments of muscle to periosteum called | tendons |
| the characteristic striated appearance of skeletal muscle is due to the arrangement of alternating protein filaments composed of | actin and mysosin |
| the functional units of muscle contraction are | sarcormeres |
| an injury in muscle fibers are torn but the fascia is left intact is called a | mild muscle strain |
| I bands are composed of | active filaments |
| the union between a nerve fiber and muscle fiber is the | neuromuscular junction |
| a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls are called | motor unit |
| when the cross-bridge of the myosin molecule forms linkages with actin filaments, the result is | shortening of muscle fiber |
| the neurotransmitter that is necessary for the transmission of an impulse from a nerve to skeletal muscle fiber is | acetylcholine |
| the energy used in muscle contraction is supplied by decomposition of | ATP |
| two types of smooth muscle are | multiunit visceral |
| peristalisis is due to | capacity of smooth muscle fibers to excite each other rhythmicity |
| skeletal muscle fibers | is a single cell that contracts in response to stimulation and relaxes when stimulation ends |
| myofribrils | lie parallel to one another and play a fundamental role in muscle contractions |
| two types of protein filaments that make up myofibril are | myosin-thick actin-thin |
| I bands | composed of thin filaments that attatch to z lines |
| A bands | composed of thick myosin overlapping actin |
| M line | consists of proteins that help hold thick filaments into place |
| what oraganelle does sacroplasmic reticulum correspond to | endioplasmic reticulum |
| sarcoplasmic reticulium and transverse tubules activate | muscle contractions mechanism when fiber is stimulated |
| synapse | is the functional connection connection between the axons of a neuron and cells |
| nuerotransimitters | are chemicals that are released by neurons |
| nueromuscular junction | the connection between motor neuron and muscle fiber |
| sacroplasmic reticulum | contains a high concentration of of calcium ions |
| 2 events lead to muscle relaxation | actylcholinesterase decomposes acetylcholine is broken down |
| molecule responsible for regenerating ATP from ADP and phosphate | creatine phosphate |
| cross bridge | 2 twisted gobular proteins |
| how does muscle provide ATP for muscle contraction | ATP molecules supply energy |
| what is oxygen debt | is the accumulation of lactic acid |
| muscle fatigue | accumulation of lactic acid |
| All striated muscle has the same basic structure. From larger to smaller, the correct order of the following is | muscle, fascicle, fiber, myofibril. |
| The striped appearance of striated muscle is caused by | the regular arrangement of myosin and actin filaments. |
| Muscle contraction is due to | actin and myosin filaments sliding past each other |
| A single action potential can stimulate many muscle fibers because | each nerve fiber branches many times. |
| The site at which the axon and muscle fiber meet is called the | neuromuscular junction. |
| Binding of acetylcholine to the chemically gated ion channel causes | movement of sodium ions into the muscle fiber. |
| . A sarcomere | stretches from one Z line to the next. |
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