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Vascular
Veins, arteries,cap.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The three veins in the antecubital fossa that are used for blood taking. | Median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein. |
| The veins on the hand that are used for venepuncture if there are no suitable veins in the antecubital fossa. | Dorsal metacarpal vein. |
| Which three bones are found in the arm (not the wrist and hand). | Humerus, radius, ulna. |
| Name the main muscles of the upper arm that allows for flexion and extension. | Biceps brachii, Triceps brachii. |
| The brachial artery lies very close to a vein and a nerve. Name the vein and the nerve. | Basilic vein , Median nerve |
| Name the artery on the lateral side of the wrist that is often used for the collection of arterial blood. | Radial artery |
| Name the vein that is the first choice for venpuncture and give two reasons why it is the first choice. | Median cubital, Largest and therefore easy to palpate, tends not to roll (is well anchored) |
| Give a brief description of the arteries | Carry blood away from heart, Have thick walls ,all arteries carry oxygenated blood except pulmonary arteries. 3 Layers:Tunica intima- endothelium (single layer of endothelial cells).Tunica media. Tunica externa. Smallest artery=arterioles Largest=aorta |
| Give a brief description of the veins | Return blood to the heart, All carry deoxygenated blood except pulmonary veins. Composed of 3 layers. Valves in veins prevent backflow of blood. Smallest veins =Venules. Largest vein is= superior Vena Cava, Longest=Great saphenous |
| Give a brief description Capillaries | Microscopic one cell thick vessels. Connect the arterioles to the venules. The thin walls allow the exchange of gasses, nutrients and waste to take place between the cells and the blood. Blood in capillaries is a mixture of arterial and venous blood. |
| Explain the meaning of the disorder Aneurysm. | A Localized dilation or bulging the wall of a blood vessel - usually an artery |
| Explain the meaning of the disorder Arteriosclerosis | Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of artery walls. |
| Explain the meaning of the disorder Embolism. | Obstruction of blood vessel by an embolus. |
| Explain the meaning of the disorder Phlebitis. | Inflammation of the vein |
| Thrombophlebitis. | Inflammation of a vein along with thrombus formation. |
| Give the clinical correlation for INR. | Test to assess the ability of the blood to clot- for patients on Warfarin therapy |
| Give the clinical correlation for coagulation screen. | A Combination of tests to assess the clotting ability of blood. |
| Which of the veins in the antecubital fossa poses the greater risk for the phlebotomist? Give a reason for your answer. | Basilic vein, Lies in close proximity to the median nerve and the brachial artery, which could be punctures accidently |
| List the 2 bones of the forearm that are distal to the humerus | Radius Ulna |
| Identify the composition of the tunica media layer of a blood vessel | Smooth muscle tissue, Elastic fibres |
| Which of the blood vessels has the thinner tunica media layer | Veins |
| Briefly describe the walls of the capillaries AND give a reason for your answer | Microscopic one cell thick, To allow for the exchange of gasses, nutrients and waste, To take place between the cells and the blood |
| Explain what assists blood flow within the veins | Skeletal muscle movement and Valves- to prevent the back flow of blood |
| Name the outer layer of blood vessels | Tunica externa |
| Stroke | Loss of blood to the brain either due to haemorrhage or blocked circulation |
| Atherosclerosis | Form of arteriosclerosis involving changes in the intima of the artery resulting from an accumulation of lipids |
| Haemorrhoids | Varicose veins in the rectal area |
| Varicose veins | Swollen peripheral veins caused by damaged valves that allow blood to collect in the veins |
| What is the clinical correlation for the laboratory test PTT | Test to measure the clotting time in plasma |
| Lumen | Cavity of a tube or organ such as a blood vessel |
| Venule | Small vein leading from a capillary |
| Identify the 2 main divisions of the vascular system | • Pulmonary circulation • Systemic circulation |
| Which vein tends to be more easily felt in the antecubital fossa of obese patients? | Cephalic vein |
Created by:
cisca