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Endocrine system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the glands found on top of the kidneys. | Adrenal gland. |
| List the hormones that the adrenal glands produce. | Epinephrine (Adrenalin), Norenpinephrine (noradrenaline), Cortisol, aldosterone |
| Name the gland that is found in the brain, that is often called the master gland. | Pituitary gland- anterior and posterior lobes. |
| Name the gland that secretes Melatonin. | Pineal gland. |
| Name the gland that secretes Thyroid stimulating hormone. | Pituitary gland |
| Name the gland that secretes Insulin and glucagon. | Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas |
| Name the hormone/s secreted by the testes. | Testosterone. |
| Name the hormone/s secreted by the thyroid gland. | Calcitonin, Triiodothyronine(T3) and Thyroxine (T4) |
| Name the hormone/s secreted by the ovaries. | Oestrogen, Progesterone. |
| Describe the functions of the Endocrine system. | 1)Communication system of the body 2) Helps maintain homeostasis by regulating: Electrolyte balance ...Acid- base balance....Energy balance. 3 Regulates body activities such as : Metabolism....Growth....Development....Reproduction |
| Briefly explain Diabetes Mellitus | A Condition caused by insulin insufficiency or ineffectiveness that prevents glucose leaving the blood and entering the body cells. OR Impaired carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from deficiency from insulin. |
| Name one Laboratory test commonly requested to aid the diagnosis of diabetes Mellitus. | Glucose tolerance test, Glycosylated haemoglobin |
| Which hormone test may the doctor request if he/she suspects the patient is suffering from dwarfism. | Growth Hormone |
| What is goitre | Enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| What is the full name of LH? | Luteinizing / Luteinising hormone |
| What is the full name of FSH? | Follicle stimulating hormone. |
| What is the full name of ACTH? | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| What is the full name of ADH? | Antidiuretic hormone. |
| Explain the meaning of Hypoclycaemia? | Condition in wich the glucose is abnormally low. |
| Explain the meaning of Hypothyroidism. | Decreased activity of the thyroid gland . |
| Explain why endocrine glands are referred to as ductless glands | They secrete their hormones directly into the blood stream |
| Name the gland that produces cortisol | Adrenal gland |
| Name the hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Oxytoxin |
| Name the gland that secretes the Luitenizing hormone | Pituitary gland |
| Name the hormone that increases skin pigmentation | Melanocyte stimulating hormone |
| Which gland secretes Melanoyte stimulating hormone? | pituitary gland –anterior lobe |
| Name the hormone that controls thyroid activity | Thyroid stimulating hormone |
| Explain the meaning of Addison's disease. | Loss of adrenal cortex function. |
| Which gland secretes Thyroid stimulating hormone? | pituitary gland |
| Name the hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that regulates the amount of calcium in the blood | Calcitonin |
| Write down them names of the hormone known as T3 | Triiodothyronine |
| Write down them names of the hormone known as T4 | Thyroxine (T4) |
| Name the hormone that stimulates the liver to release glucose (stored as glycogen) into the blood stream | Glucagon |
| Which gland secretes Glucagon? | Islets of Langerhans in the Pancreas |
| How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis? | By regulating electrolyte balance, Energy balance |
| Name the body activities the endocrine system regulates | metabolism, growth, development, reproduction |
| Acromegaly is caused by an excessive secretion of a hormone. Briefly describe acromegaly | Overgrowth of the hands, feet, face and jaw |
| Which hormone causes acromegaly | caused by excessive excretion of growth hormone in adulthood |
| Congenital hypothyroidism | Insufficient thyroid activity in newborn, either from a genetic deficiency or maternal factors such as lack of dietary iron during pregnancy |
| Name one test commonly requested on new born babies to test for congenital hypothyroidism | Neonatal Thyroid stimulating hormone |
| Name the specific disorder whereby the body is totally unable to produce insulin. The person is dependent on insulin injections to live. Usually appears before age 25 | Diabetes mellitus Type 1 |
| Which lab tests are commonly requested for infertility testing | Semen analysis, Luteinizing Hormone, Prolactin, Oestrogen, Progesterone |
| If a doctor requests a glycosylated haemoglobin test on a patient, which gland does he want to assess? | Islets of Langerhans in the Pancreas |
| TSH | Thyroid stimulating hormone |
| ICSH | Interstitial cell stimulating hormone |
| MSH | Melanocyte stimulating hormone |
| DM | Diabetes Mellitus |
| Name the doctor who specializes in the endocrine system | Endocrinologist |
| What is the function of Growth hormone? | Regulates growth |
| What is the function of Antidiuretic hormone? | Decreases urine production |
| What is the function of Calcitonin? | Regulates the amount of calcium in the blood |
| What is the function of Cortisol? | Suppresses inflammation |
| What is the function of Insulin? | Lowers the blood sugar levels by transporting glucose to the cells for energy and storage |
| Gigantism | Excessive development of the body or a body part resulting from excessive Growth Hormone |
| Name the hormone levels the doctor may request to assess the functioning of the islet cells of Langerhans [ | Insulin levels |
| T3 | Triiodothyronine |
| NIDDM | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
| GTT | Glucose tolerance test |
| Name two hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland | Antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin |
| Name the hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland | ACTH GH TSH MSH FSH LH ICSH |
| The thyroid condition characterised by weight loss, nervousness and protruding eye balls due to an increased metabolic rate is | Groves disease / hyperthyroidism |
Created by:
cisca