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Personality Final
Exam (3)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allport disagreed with Freud about | The dominance of unconsious forces, the role of the past controlling the present, and the continuity between normal and abnormal behavior |
| With regard to historical determinism allport believed a person is | Not a prisoner of childhood conflicts and past experiences |
| Allport believed that the best way to study personality was through | normal and healthy adults |
| What did Allport believe was the bigest difference between normal and abnormal people? | Abnormal people function at an infantile level |
| Allport's own childhood was characterized by | feelings of isolation and rejection |
| Allport believed his famous meetin with Freud illustrated | the error of placing toom much importance on the unconscious |
| Allport viewed personality as | an interaction of mind and body |
| According to allport, our uniqueness is determined by | genetics and learning |
| For allport, heredity provides the personality with | raw materials |
| Allport saw adulthood as | unconstrained by childhood experiences |
| The type of trait that influences every aspect of life is called a | Cardinal |
| Central traits are | 5 to 10 themes that best describe our behavior |
| According to Allport, secondary traits are | minor preferences, a close friend might not notice them, are much less consistent than other traits |
| For allport, past events are | unimportant because they are no longer active |
| Allport's concept of functional autonomy proposes that | the motives of healthy adults owe more to the present or future than past |
| allport chose the term proprium for the | ego or self |
| Propriate motives are | necessary to the ego |
| Allport believed that the emotionally healthy adult is | no longer dominated or determined by childhood drives |
| Cattell's goal in studying personality is to | Predict behavior |
| According to Cattell, a valid personality theory should be able to | Predict behavior in response to a given stimulus situation |
| Factor analysis is a | Statistical measure of the relationships between variables |
| For Cattell, traits are | Relatively permanent reaction tendencies, basic structural units of personality and derived by the method of factor analysis |
| Maslow was associated with what kind of psychology | humanistic |
| Maslow insisted on psychology that emphasized | human strengths, free will and the fulfillment of human potential |
| The key idea in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is that | lower needs have to be satisfied before higher needs become influential |
| At the lowest level of Maslo's hierarchy, we find what | physiological needs |
| According to Maslow, a need does not have to be satisfied fully | before the next stage becomes important |
| Food, sex, and sleep are all physiological needs what is not one of these? | need for relationships |
| the need for safety is most important in | infants and neurotic adults |
| By self-actualization, maslow meant | fulfillment of our unique potential, talents, and abilities |
| Maslow also proposed a second set of innate needs | Cognitive needs |
| According to Maslow, truly self-actualized people constitute | less than 1 % of the population |
| All of the following are characteristics of self-actualized people except | a complete acceptance of the norms and beliefs of the majority |
| Maslo called moments of intense ecstasy, power and transcendence of the self | peak experiences |
| All are characteristics ofo self-actualizers except | intolerance |
| Maslow's term for fears about on'es abilities is | the jonah complex |
| Not everyone has a ruling passion or cardinal trait | T |
| The study of the relationship between genetic or hereditary factors and personality traits is called factor analysis | F |
| It is possible to deliberately manipulate one's results on the Big 5 measure | T |
| Allport believed in a smooth continuum of personality between childhood and adulthood | F |
| Many middle class americans are primarily concerned about their physiological needs | F |
| Allport's conception of functional autonomy and independence holds that emotionally healthy adults are not tied or driven by childhood motives or conflicts | T |
| To Allport, the ultimate and necessary goal of life is not to reduce tension but rather to increase tension, impelling us to seek new sensations and challenges | T |
| Conscientious people tend to get lower grades | F |
| Allport and Freud disagreed about the role of the unconscious | T |
| Maslow suggested that failure to satisfy the need for love is a fundamental cause of emotional maladjustment | T |
| The HEXACO model is similar to the Big 5 theory but adds a dimension that attempts to measure honesty and sincerity | T |
| According to Allport, children develop security regardless of whether or not the infant-mother bond is healthy | F |
| The dark triad is comprised of narcissim, psychopathy and machieavellianism and people who score high in these are often involved in anti-social activities | T |
| According to Maslo, self-actualized people can still become distracted by lower needs | F |
| Maslow's idea of instinctoid needs meant that these needs were socially constructed | F |
| According to Maslow, if children are overprotected and not permitted to try new behaviors, they may never be self-actualized | T |
| Allport established the first formal university course to study personality | T |
| Allport believed that heredity had no bearing on personality | F |
| Relating warmly to others and having a sense of humor are both criteria for healthy adult personalities according to allport | T |
| the need for safety was not considered in Maslow's hierarchy | F |
| According to Deci and Ryan, humans have three basic needs, competence autonomy and relatedness | T |
| Maslow's concept of self-actualization has been criticized for being vague and inconsistent | T |
| Allport released a book with brought the study of psychology into the mainstream | T |
| Eysenck's 3 dimensions of personality were extraversion vs. introversion, neuroticism vs. emotional stability and psychoticism vs. impulse control | T |
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