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Personality Final
Exam (1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a potential definition of personality? | State of being a person, characteristics and qualities that form a person's distinctive character, sum total of a person's physical, mental, emotional and social characteristics |
| Whether one's cultural perspective is more individualistic or more collectivistic can impact what? | Both child rearing and self-promotion |
| What is not a potential use for evaluating personality? | Dominance |
| Freud based his theory of personality on what? | Clinical observation of his patients |
| Personality can be summed up with what phrase? | Personality is how we perceive ourselves and also how others perceive us |
| According to Jung, persona is what? | Like a mask used by characters in a play |
| Most of the theorists in the book and most participants in personality research have been what kind of people? | White men |
| Who is generally considered to have formalized the study of personality? | Freud |
| Test reliability involves what? | Consistent results on multiple administrations of a test |
| Which question best clarifies the meaning of validity? | Does the test measure what is is suppose to measure? |
| The MMPI is not appropriate for what? | Those with lower intelligence, children, those with low reading skills |
| A projective test of personality does what? | Is based on the assumption that people project their fears, needs, values onto the test |
| The primary limitation of the correlation method is what? | It cannot be used to determine cause and effect |
| According to Freud, what er the two primary types of instincts? | Life and Death |
| Anna Freud is known for her theory of | Ego psychology |
| Freud's research can be criticized for all of the following points except which? | He failed to consider the powerful role of the unconscious |
| In comparison to Freud, Jung saw libido as | A broader, more generalized form of psychic energy |
| According to Jung, all of the following are principles that explain the functioning of psychic energy except | Differentiation (Equivalence, opposites, and entropy) |
| The most unusual and controversial aspect of Jung's system is the | Collective unconscious |
| According to Jung, out of our universal human experience, we all share certain recurring themes called | Archetypes |
| According to Jung, the most powerful arachtype is the | Shadow |
| According to Jung, the impulses contained in the shadow must be | Partially suppressed |
| What is Jung's idea that we must bring all aspects of personality into harmony? | Individuation |
| Jung used all of the following assessment techniques except whaat? | IQ tests (word association, dream analysis, symptom analysis) |
| A case study is a | Detailed history of an individual |
| What is the independent variable? | The variable being manipulated |
| The correlational method | Measures the degree of a relationship between two variables |
| Freud's idea of cathexis described what? | Psychic energy |
| Which of Freud's structures of personality woulc be seen "above the water" in his iceberg analogy? | The ego |
| Which of Freud's structures of personality was associated with the reality principle and with secondary process thinkging? | the ego |
| Which of Freud's structures of personality was associated with the pleasure principle and with primary process thinking? | The id |
| Which of the following best describes Freud's description of the oedipus complex? | Boys experience an unconscious desire for their mothers; they desire to replace or destroy their fathers |
| Jung's term for personality was | Psyche |
| Which of the following terms was described by jung as an orientation toward the external world? | Extraversion |
| Humans change according to different situations and people | T |
| The supeprego attempts to avoid pain and maximize pleasure | F, id |
| Correlations are expressed by a correlation coefficient, which ranges from -1.0 to +1.0 | T |
| Cross cultural research shows that personality is formed by genetic and environmental influences | T |
| using height to measure course grades would be highly reliable | T |
| Theories provide frameworks that allow us to describe data in a meaningful way | T |
| If a personality test is not reliable, that should raise questions about its validity | T |
| Correlation equals causation | F |
| According to freud,the function of anxiety is to alert the individual that the ego isi being threatened | T |
| Primary process thought is childlike thinking by which the id attempts to satisfy the instinctual drives | T |
| The MMPI is considered a projective measure of assessment | F |
| The superego is the moral aspect of personality | T |
| It is important to consider a person's cultural background when interpreting an MMPI | T |
| The MMPI is not appropriate for people with limited reading skills | T |
| The Rorschach and the TAT are both examples of projective tests | T |
| One disadvantage of the clinical interview is that isi cannot be used to explore an individual's past and present experiences | F |
| Understanding gender differences is important in assessing for personality | T |
| Hispanics are more likely than caucasians to seek treatment for psychological difficulties | F |
| When translating personality tests from one language to another, it is essential to consider slang words | T |
| Freud published a paper on the benefits of cocaine | T |
| Jung's principles of psychic energy were derived from the principles of physics | T |
| Although African American often report lower levels of trust, this should not be seen as pathological | T |
| Per Freud, children at the latency stage are fixated on their genitals and sexual pleasure | F |
| Freud believed that neuroses were related to sexual conflicts | T |
| In Freud's psychosexual stages of development, each developmental stage has a conflict that must be resolved before the infant or child can progress to the next stage | T |
| According to Freudian theory, a person who is rigid, compulsively neat, obstinate and overly conscientious as an adult may have started reacting this way in the anal stage of psychosexual development | T |
| Freud's primary research method was the case study | T |
| Both Freud and Jung experienced neurotic episodes during middle age | T |
| An example of a Freudian slip would be saying fraud instead of freud | T |
| Freud viewed human beings as victims of the past while Jung believed that we are shaped by both past and future events | T |
| For Jung, the most crucial stage in personality development was middle age | T |
| The id is the center of consciousness according to Jung | F |
| Jung's embrace of the occult and the supernatural is probably the source of most of the criticism directed at his theory | T |
| Accodring to Freud, fixation occurs when a portion of the libido remains invested in one of the psychosexual stages | T |
| Word association techniques such as the sentence completion test, have become standard projective techniques | T |
Created by:
finky5