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Science 8 Matter
This covers the NC Science 8 standards for 8.P.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the building blocks of matter: | atoms |
| List the subatomic particles of an atom: | proton, neutron and electron |
| Name the subatomic particle charges: | proton-positive neutron-no charge electron- negative |
| Atoms of the same kind form: | elements |
| What are the two main categories of properties of matter? | physical and chemical |
| What are some physical properties of matter? | Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others. |
| What are some chemical properties of matter? | They include reactivity, flammability, and the ability to rust. |
| How do you know a physical change has taken place? | a change in texture, color, temperature, shape, or state has taken place |
| How do you know a chemical change has taken place? | when the composition is changed, such as if the temperature or color changes, or it forms a noticeable odor, bubbles, or a precipitate |
| What are the different types of chemical reactions? | combination, decomposition, single or double displacement, combustion, and redox |
| What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state? | matter can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another |
| To what other topics does the Law of Conservation apply? | energy, momentum, electric charge |
| Name the document that organizes all known elements: | periodic table |
| Who created the document that organizes all known elements? | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| How are elements organized on the periodic table of elements? | by atomic number |
| How is the atomic number different from the atomic mass of an element? | Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in an atom, and it tells us about the mass of the atom in amu, or atomic mass units. Atomic mass is the average mass of all the isotopes of a certain type. |
| How do you find the number of protons in an element? | look at the atomic number |
| How do you find the number of neutrons in an element? | subtract the atomic number from the mass number |
| How do you know the number of electrons in an element? | this is equal to the number of protons, so look again at the atomic number |
| What is the current accepted model of the atom? | Schrodinger and Heisenberg Mode |
| List 3 theories of atomic structure other than the current model and the scientists who developed the theory. (Make sure you include the year. It’s important to the discussion!) | solid sphere model: 1803 plum pudding model: 1904 nuclear model: 1911 planetary model: 1913 quantum model: 1926 etc. |
| What is Stoichiometry? | the relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction or forming a compound, typically a ratio of whole integers. |
| What is the charge of an atom’s nucleus? | positive |
| What must happen in an atom for the atom to be neutrally charged? | it must have the same number of protons and electrons |
| What are columns on the PTE called? | families or groups |
| What do these columns tell you about the elements in the column? | number of valence electrons in the outer shell |
| What are horizontal rows on the PTE called? | periods |
| What do these rows tell you about the atom? | number of electron shells |
| What do we call Group 1 elements? | alkali |
| What do we call Group 2 elements? | alkaline earth metals |
| What do we call Groups 3-12 elements collectively? | transitional metals |
| How are Groups 13-16 named? | by the top element |
| What do we call Group 17 elements? | halogens |
| What do we call Group 18 elements? | noble gases |
| Which group readily combines with Group 1 elements? Why? | 17, because it makes the perfect octet of valence electrons. |
| Which group rarely reacts with any other elements? | 18, the noble gases |
| Which Group of the PTE is the most reactive? | alkali |
| What is a mixture? | the product of the random distribution of one substance through another without any chemical reaction, as distinct from a compound. |
| Why are the parts of a solution called? | solute and solvent |
| What is a compound? | a substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions. |
| How is a compound different from a mixture? | compounds are chemically combined, the parts of a mixture keep their own properties |
Created by:
Alia Cherrywood
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