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Statistics
Elementary Statistics using Excel
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Parameter | Measured characteristic of a population |
| Statistic | Measured characteristic of a sample |
| Statistics | Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on data |
| Population | Complete and entire collection of elements to be studied |
| Census | Collection of data from every element in a population |
| Sample | Subset of a population |
| Discrete data | Data with the property that the number of possible values is either a finite number or a |
| Continuous data | Data resulting from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions or jumps |
| Ordinal | Level of measurement of data; characterizes data that may be arranged in order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are meningless |
| Interval | Level of measurement of data; characterizes data that can be arranged in order and for which diffeences between data values are meaningful |
| Self-selected sample | Sample in which the respondents themselves decide whether to be included; also called voluntary response sample |
| Observational Study | Study in which we observe and measure specific characteristics, but don't attempt to manipulate or modify the subjects being studied |
| Experiment | Application of treatment followed by observation of its effects on the subjects |
| Confounding | A situation that occurs when the effects from two or more variables cannot be distinuished from each other |
| Random Sample | Sample selected in a way that allows every member of the population to have the same chance of being chosen |
| Simple Random Sample | Sample of a particular size selected so that every possible sample of the same size has the same chance of being chosen |
| Systematic Sampling | Sampling in which every kth ( such as every 50th) element is selected |
| Convenience Sampling | Sampling in which dataa are selected because they are readily available |
| Stratified Sampling | Sampling in which samples are drawn from each stratum (class) |
| Cluster Sampling | Dividing the population area into sections (or clusters), then randomly selecting a few of those sections, and then choosing all the members from those selected sections |
| Sampling Error | Difference between a sample result and the true population result; results from chance sample fluctuations |
| Nonsampling Errors | Errors from external factors not related to sampling |
| Data | Observations (such as measurements, genders, survey responses) that have been collected |
| Statistics | A collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data. |
| Statistics | (blank) |
| Population | The complete collection of all elements (scores, people, measurements, and so on) to be studied. it includes all subjects to be studied. |
| Census | The collection of data from every member of the population |
| Sample | A subcollection of members selected from a population |
Created by:
SheriDee
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