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Chem 105 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endothermic processes | fusion (melting), vapourization, sublimation |
| exothermic processes | freezing, condensation, deposition |
| What are the rate factors? | surface area, temperature, concentration, catalysis |
| How does surface area affect rate? | more area for reactions to occur |
| How does temperature affect rate? | increase in temperature increases the amount of collisions |
| How does concentration affect rate? | more atoms ion an area, more collision |
| How does catalysis affect rate? | increases reaction rate, isnt consumed |
| What is Le Chatelier's Principle? | |
| What are Arrhenius acids? | give off H+ in water |
| What are Arrhenius bases? | give off OH- in water |
| What are Lewis Acids? | e- pair acceptor |
| What are Lewis Bases? | e- pair donor |
| What are BL acids? | donate H+ |
| What are BL Bases? | accept H+ |
| What are conjugate species? | |
| What are amphiprotic species? | can be acidic or basic |
| What is the common ion effect? | |
| What is an anode? | loses e- |
| What is a cathode? | gains e- |
| what is a voltaic cell? | devices that use spontaneous redox reactions to produce electricity. |
| What is Entropy(S)? | |
| What is an ionic solid? | metal and nonmetal |
| What is a metal solid? | metal and metal |
| What is a covalent-network (molecular) solid? | non-metal and non-metal |
| What are the types of metal structures? | bcc, fcc/ccp, hcp |
| What is alloy substitutional | |
| What is interstiual? | |
| What is heterogenous(multiphase)? | |
| What is intermetallic compound? | strict ratio, jet engine |
| What are examples of ionic solids? | CsCl, NaCl, ZnS. |
| What is the cn of CsCl? | 8 |
| What is the cn of NaCl? | 6 |
| What is the cn of ZnS? | 4 |
| What are examples of covalent solids? | ice, quartz, diamond, graphite, (semiconductors-metalloids) |
| What are the 4 kinds of nuclear decay? | alpha particle and beta particle emission, electron capture emission and positron emission |
| What is nuclear transmutation? | conversion of stable nuclei into other nuclei |
| What does amphiprotic mean? examples? | compounds that can act as either acids of a base. eg. water, H2SO4, HCO3. |
| what are the strong acids? | HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4 |
| what are the strong bases? | NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH2), Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2 |
| what are the neutral ions? | Na+, K+, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3, ClO4 |
| cation is ___ | acidic |
| anion is ____ | basic |
| for ionic salts mp decreases as | radius increases |
| Sgas increases by increasing | pressure |
| Ssolid increases by increasing | temperature |
| change of n | c+d-a-b |
| Ssalt decreases if | a common ion is in solution (moves toward left when adding new common ion) |
| Ssalt with a basic anion increases as pH | decreases (more acidic) |
| Ssalt with an acidic anion increases as pH | increases (more basic) |
| Ssalt with acidic cations and basic anions increases as pH | increases and decreases |
| half reactions the number of electrons must | cancel |
| steps to balance half reactions | 1. balance elements 2. balance O by water 3. balance H by H+ 4. balace charge by e- |
| What type of properties are voltages? | intensive like density |
| What voltage is a lead acid battery | 12V, |
| What is a primary cell? | non-rechargeable. Alkaline (1.5 V) |
| What is a secondary cell? | rechargeable, lithium battery (3.7V) |
| thermodynamics? | study of transformations of energy |
| S translational | g-high, l-low, solid-none |
| S rot | g-medium, l-low, solid-none |
| Svib | g-low, l-low, solid-low |
| Stotal | g-high, l-low, solid-very low |
| If H is neg, S positive | sponatneous at all T |
| H pos, S neg | not spont at any T |
| H pos, S pos | spontaneous if T>h/s |
| H neg, S neg | spontaneous if T<h/s |
| metals are: | shiny, crystalline, feel cold, high electrical conductivity, are maluable, and ductile |
| What are the three common atomic arrangements? | bcc, fcc/ccp, hcp |
| What is an alloy? | a metal containing more than one element |
| What are the alloy categories by structure? | substiutional alloy, interstitial alloy, heterogeneous alloy, and intermetallic compound alloy |
| be able to draw alloy categories | |
| What are ionic salts | stacked arrays of ions (can be atomic or molecular) just have to have a charge |
| What are the ionic salt structures? | CsCl (8), NaCl(6), ZnS (4) |
| What and how semiconductors? | Si, Ge, GaN, GaHs. 4 coordinate diamond (ZnS). valence not localized-slightly metallic |
| what is a polymer? | a 1D covalent-network solid made by covalently bonding monomers. |
| What are the synthetic polymers(plastics)? | polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride |
| natural polymers | wool, rubber, silk, leather, cellulose |
| what are nucleons? | protons, and neutrons |
| what is a nuclide? | nucleus with a specific composition |
| what is redioactivity? | the spontaneous loss of matter/energy by materials having suitable atomic isotopes, unstable nuclides |
| what is nuclear transmutaion? | conversion of stable nuclei into other nuclei |
| what is the heaviest element made? | Oganesson |
| what is the SI unit of radioactiviy? | Bq |
| What are radiotracers? | readioisotopes used to trace the path of elements, especially in biological samples. |
| What is used for PET scans? | F-18 |
| What is used in other imaging (heart, l) | Technecium-99 |
| Why does nuclear reaction give off so much energy? | that mass is lost/gained , mass lost is converted to energy |
| esothermic reactions are usually: | fission and fusion |
| What is fission | splitting of heavy nuclei |
| What is fusion? | merging of light nuclei |
| What is ionizing radiation? | alpha and beta |
| what is radon? | radioactive noble gas wich collects in basements |
Created by:
abc273
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