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Astronomy
Test 3: Lessons 7,8,9. (part.1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do moonquakes reveal about the moon? | Its small, partially molten core has been pulled toward us by tidal force. |
| The presence of a mercurian mag field surprised the planetary scientists on the mariner 10 team because: | The dynamo theory predicted that mercury was spinning too slow for one. |
| How does Mercury's magnetic field compare to our own? | It is 1/100th as strong as ours, but does deflect the solar wind to some degree. |
| To measure how Mercury spins, astronomers sent ________ to Mercury and used the Doppler shift to determine how fast it was rotating. | radar beams |
| How do the atmospheres of the Moon and Mercury compare? | Neither body has a permanent atmosphere. |
| The scarps on Mercury were probably caused by | the interior cooling and shrinking. |
| The lunar highlands are: | more rugged, heavily cratered , and older than the lunar mare. |
| How are the polar regions of Mercury and the Moon similar? | Both seem to have ice pockets in the deepest, darkest crater floors. |
| The lunar mare radioactively date back to 4.6 billion years, at the orgin of the moon, hence their dark color due to aging. | False. |
| A surprise from the pioneer venus photos was that: | The clouds rotate around the planet in only four days, very unlike the slow surface rotation. |
| The first successful landers on the surface of Mars were: | Vikings 1 and 2 in 1976. |
| Comparing the clouds of Earth and Venus, we find that: | ours lie in the troposphere, within 10 kilometer of our surface, but Venus has a higher troposphere, with its clouds about 40 kilometers high. |
| Why does Venus appear so bright to the eye? | All of the above are correct. |
| Venus has a feature named Aphrodite Terra. What is this feature? | a continental-sized plateau |
| The relatively small number of impact craters and the near absence of small craters on the surface of Venus is thought to be a result of: | the soft and resilient nature of the Venusian surface. |
| Our most detailed maps of Venus come from: | the Magellan spaceprobe. |
| The orbiter that gave us the most detailed maps of Venus' surface to date was: | Magellan. |
| Venus' rotation: | takes longer than its orbit around the Sun. |
| Venus' full phase occurs when Venus is at: | superior conjunction. |
| Because of its slow rotation period, Venus: | presents the same side to Earth at each closest approach. |
| Why will it be hard to determine the nature of Venus' interior? | No seismograph can last long enough at Venus' temperatures to pick up quakes. |
| A characteristic of shield volcanoes is the formation of a crater at the summit which occurs when: | the lava withdraws and the surface collapses. |
| Two Mercury years are the same length as three Mercury sidereal days. | True |
| The most recent features on the Moon's surface are the bright rayed craters like Copernicus, sitting atop the older mare flows. | True |
| Mercury's rotation and revolution are an example of a 3:2 resonance: | True |
| The curiosity rover has detected evidence of what kind(s) of chemical activity in mars' soil | water, sulfur, and chlorine containing minerals |
| What is the origin of the jovian moons? | The four Galilean moons formed with Jupiter, most others were later captures. |
| The most abundant element in Saturn's atmosphere is? | Hydrogen |
| What is the prediction for the future of Triton? | It will provide the raw material for a future Neptunian ring. |
| Radiation darkening is a likely explanation of: | why Uranus' moons are less reflective than Saturn's. |
| Uranus' large axial tilt is thought to be the result of: | multiple catastrophic events, such as glancing collisions. |
| Both have strangely tilted magnetic fields, but that of Uranus is even farther off the rotational axis than that of Neptune. | True |
| Because the poles of Uranus spend 42 years in darkness, the temperatures between the northern and southern hemispheres of Uranus differ by as much as hundreds of Kelvins, depending on where Uranus is in its orbit. | False |
| In terms of axial tilt, which of the jovians shows us the largest inclination? | Uranus |
| In the atmospheres of the jovian planets, this component decreases, systematically, with distance from the Sun. | Ammonia |
| The Cassini spacecraft found evidence that the E Ring is related to Enceladus through: | A continual supply of icy particles spewed via volcanism on Enceladus. |
| The type of asteroid that would appear darkest and reflect the least light is type | C |
| The two names most associated with the discovery of Pluto are | Lowell and Tombaugh |
| Which statement about Pluto's discovery is FALSE? | It was the massive jovian Lowell described as "Planet X" in his calculations. |
| The type of asteroid that would be the densest would be type | M |
| Pluto's density is most similar to | Moons of the jovian planets. |
| Iron meteorites are believed to come from | The core of a dense M-type asteroid, now broken up |
| What are comets made of? | All of the above |
| What is so unusual about Pluto's orbit? | It is more inclined to the ecliptic than any of the eight planets |
| Dactyl was photographed by the Galileo spacecraft. it is: | A moon of the asteroid Ida. |
| Which asteroid did Dawn visit first and which is second in its planned mission? | Vesta, Ceres |
| What is the typical size of most known asteroids? | A few kilometers |
| The nucleus, or main solid body, of a comet has a typical size of: | A few kilometers |
| About what percentage of all asteroids are S-type asteroids? | 15% |
| When it was determined that Sedna has a perihelion distance that is three times further out than Pluto and such an eccentric orbit that it has a period of thousands of years, it was placed in the | Oort Cloud |
| The Perseid meteor shower gives us about a meteor every minute in mid | August. |
| What is the space probe that is currently orbiting Saturn and is responsible for numerous discoveries of storms and weathers atmosphere called? | Cassini |
| Why was it thought that Titan may have oceans of methane? | The atmospheric pressure at Titan's surface and its surface temperature are such that methane should be liquid on Titan's surface. |
| Shepherd satellites are defined as: | Moons that confine a narrow ring. |
| If you could find a bathtub big enough for Saturn, the planet would: | Float |
| Rhea, Saturn's second largest moon might best be described as: | Having a very reflective, icy surface that is heavily cratered. |
| The asymmetrical surface markings on some of Saturn's moon are probably due to | In most cases, the moons are tidally locked by Saturn's gravity into synchronous rotation. |
| At the surface of Saturn's atmosphere, the strength of the magnetic field is: | About the same as Earth's magnetic field at its surface. |
| Why do scientist think the Cassini spacecraft did not observe "spokes" on the rings during the first year of its visits with Saturn? | To see the "spokes", a particular alignment of the rings with the Sun is necessary and it took one year for that alignment to reoccur. |
| Which of the following played the most important role in the ring's formation? | Saturn's Roche limit |
| The wind speeds found in the bands and zones of Saturn, compared to those on Jupiter, are about | 3 times faster. |
| The most striking "cloudmark" in Jupiters atmosphere is the: | Great Red Spot. |
| Which three Galilean moons were found by Galileo to have weak, changing magnetic fields? | Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto |
| Which statement about Jupiter's rings is false? | They are made of ice, like Saturn's. |
| Which of the following discoveries was NOT made by Voyager 1 or 2? | Jupiter has cloud bands in its upper atmosphere. |
| What spacecraft was intentionally destroyed in 2003 so that it could not hit Europa? | Galileo |
| What is interesting about Jupiter's rotation period? | It is the fastest in the solar system |
| What is thought to lie at the center of Jupiter? | A massive core of rocky materials with some iron mixed in |
| The Galileo mission put a spacecraft into orbit around Jupiter. Which statement about that spacecraft is true? | The spacecraft's probe measured windspeed in Jupiter's atmosphere. |
| Of the Galilean satellites, which has the oldest, most heavily cratered surface? | Callisto |
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