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Chemistry
Acid/Bases/Salts
| Acids Properties | pH less than 7 sour taste turn blue litmus red react with bases to form salt and water produce H+/H3O+ ions |
| Bases | Produce OH- ions pH more than 7 bitter taste turn red litmus blue reacts with acids to form salt and water |
| Arrhenius Acid | a chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions H+/H3O+, in an aqueous solution |
| Arrhenius Base | a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions OH-, in aqueous solution |
| Bronsted-Lowry Acid | a molecule or an ion that is a proton donor(H+) |
| Monoprotic Acids | an acid that can donate only one proton |
| Polyprotic Acid | an acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule |
| Diprotic | can donate two protons per molecule |
| Triprotic | can donate three protons per molecule |
| Conjugate Base | the ion or molecule that remains after a Bronsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton is the conjugate base of that acid |
| Conjugate Acid | the ion or molecule that is formed when a Bronsted-Lowry base gains a proton is the conjugate acid of that base |
| The stronger an acid is | the weaker it's conjugate base |
| The stronger a base is | the weaker it's conjugate acid |
| What is the strongest acid that can exist in an aqueous solution? | H3O+ |
| What is the strongest base that can exist in an aqueous solution? | OH- ion |
| Lewis Acid | an atom, ion, or a molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond |
| How many acid base theories are there? | 3 |
| Lewis Base | an atom, ion, or a molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond |
| Ion-product constant (Kw) | the product of the molar concentrations of H+ and OH- ions at a particular temperature |
| What determines the strength of an acid or base? | ionization |
| How much do acids ionize? | strong acids ionize 100% whereas weak acids ionize less than even 5% |
| Memorize (among the only known strong acids) | HNO3 HCl HBr HI H2SO4 HClO4 |
| Strong Electrolyte | 100% dissociation |
| Weak Electrolyte | not completely dissociated (<5% dissociation) |
| Strong bases and electrolytes | Group 1 Metal Hydroxides Ca, Sr, Ba hydroxides |
| Neutralization | chemical reaction between an acid and a base |
| What can salts be? | neutral, acidic, or basic |
| Neutral Solutions | salts containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion (except (Be2+) and the conjugate base of a strong acid |
| Basic Solutions | salts derived from a strong base and a weak acid |
| Acid Solutions | salts derived from a strong acid and a weak base |
| Titration | analytical method in which a standard solution (known concentration) is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution |
| End Point | point at which an indicator changes color during a titration |
| Equivalence Point | point at which equal moles of H3O+ and OH- have been added |
| Why do many medicines have a bitter taste? | they are probably bases |
| What must an Arrhenius acid contain? | hydrogen and dissociate in aqueous solutions to produce hydrogen ions |
| Highest pH | most basic |
| Lower pH | more acidic (more H+) |
| High pH | less acidic (more OH-) |
| Red to Blue | base |
| Blue to Red | acid |
| PT to pink | base |
| Pt to no color change | acid |
| Strong Acid + Strong Base | neutral salt |
| Strong Acid + Weak Base | acidic salt |
| Weak Acid + Strong Base | basic salt |
| Weak Acid + Weak Base | will produce any type of solution depending on the relative strengths of the acid and base involved |
| pH range of 0-7 | acidic |
| pH 7 | neutral |
| pH 7-14 | basic |
| Strong acid has higher H+ concentration | and higher pH value |
Created by:
jordinlevy
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