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B-town chem PhT M2
Element, atom, molecule, subatomic particles, oxidation #, metal, non-metal, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ion | Atoms that desire their valence PEL to be 8 |
| Atom | Smallest units of matter |
| Proton | Subatomic particle with a + charge |
| Neutron | Subatomic particle with no charge |
| Electron | Subatomic particle with a - charge |
| RedOx | Reduction & Oxidation - the process of gaining (reduction) or losing (oxidation) electrons |
| Free State | When the # of protons is equal to the # of electrons. |
| Atomic number | The number of protons or electrons |
| Atomic symbol | The 1 or 2 letters that represent an element on the Periodic Table |
| Columns | Groups or families - They have chemical similarities and are classified as either representative elements (Group A, I through VII) or transition elements (Group B, thats groups VIII, IX and X). |
| Rows | Periods - Organized by the valence of the outermost PEL |
| PEL | Principle Energy Levels - The levels and sublevels where the electrons hang out |
| Two N Squared | This formula determines how many electrons each PEL can hold (You'll have to write it out using letters for Study Stacks) |
| Cation | An ion with a + charge. It has more protons than electrons. |
| Anion | An ion with a - charge. It has more electrons than protons. |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons (atomic #), but a different number of neutrons (mass #). |
| Atomic weight | The # of protons and neutrons in an atom. |
| Atomic mass scale (AMU) | Based on an arbitrary value of exactly 12 units per an atom of carbon-12 |
| Valence | The # of electrons in the outermost PEL |
| Nucleus | The center of an atom |
| Metal | An element that carries a positive charge |
| Non-metal | An element that carries a negative charge |
| Octet Rule | The outermost PEL of elements that have valence energy level of more than 3 are trying to reach a stable configuration of 8 electrons |
| Oxidation Number | Positive (+) or negative (-) number assigned to an element after electrons are gained or lost |
| Ionic bond | The force of attraction between two ions of opposite charge |
| Covalent bond | Formed by sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Element | A pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number |
| Molecule | An electrically neutral group of at least two atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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