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kinn's chapter 51
Assisting in the clinical lab
| term | defintion |
|---|---|
| Aliquot | A portion of a well mixed sample removed for testing |
| Analyte | substance or chemical being analyzed or detected in a specimen |
| Anticoagulants | chemicals added to a blood sample to prevent clotting |
| Caustic | burning, corroding or damaging tissue by chemical action |
| Cytology | study of cells using microscopic methods |
| Diluent | a liquid used to dilute a specimen or reagent |
| Exudates | fluids with high concentration of protein and cellular debris that have escaped from the blood vessels and have been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces |
| Hemolyzed | term used to describe a blood sample in which the red blood cells have ruptured |
| Preservatives | substances added to a specimen to prevent deterioration of cells or chemicals |
| Referral Laboratory | a private or hospital based laboratory that performs a wide variety of tests |
| Specimen | a sample of body fluid, waste product, or tissue that is collected for analysis |
| Expiration dates | _____________ on swabs, tubes, transport media, and other collection containers should always be checked before these items are used. |
| intensify burns | A victim should not be wrapped in a fire blanket because this may _________. Instead, the flames should be patted out or the victim should be directed to roll on the blanket. |
| oil immersion (100) | The longest objective,___________, allows the finest focusing of the object. |
| environmental | Electrical, fire, or mechanical factors are _______ factors that must be controlled for safety. AKA Physical hazards. |
| High | Under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) regulations, medical assistants are not permitted to perform _______-complexity tests. |
| diagnostic | Screening tests are not __________ for any particular disease; rather, they indicate that the disease state may exist. |
| STAT | Immediately |
| 16 | OSHA recommends that each SDS follow the ___-section format developed by the American National Standards Institute. |
| Chain of Custody | The processing of ___________ specimens must be documented meticulously, ensuring that no tampering with the evidence has occurred; this is a routine part of drug and alcohol screening. |
| 5:00, 10:00, 1600, 1900 | The military time - add 12 to the number that the hour hand is touching (i.e. the clock reads 3:15, 12+3=15 the time would be 1515.) 1700=_______ 2200=______ 4pm=_______ 7am=_______ |
| contamination | Sterile containers prevent _________ of the specimen by outside microbes. |
| Cirrhosis, Iron deficiency anemia. | A decrease in hemoglobin levels in RBC's is seen in ___________, hyperthyroidism, and _______________________. |
| microorganisms that cause diseases. | Microbiology is the study of _____________________. |
| accuracy, reliability, and timeliness. | CLIA established quality standards for all laboratory testing to ensure the ______, ______, and _______ of patients' test results. |
| potential risk to public health | CLIA regulatory categories are based on their ________________. |
| waived, moderate | Laboratory tests are performed in a physician's office are most likely to be __________ and ___________ complexity tests. |
| CLIA waived test | You do not need a degree to read the result, you can purchase it OTC (e.g. blood sugar test, pregnancy test)( at home use ex. pregnancy test) |
| Moderate complexity test | Hematology & chemistry test, gram staining, mocroscopic analysis of urine sediment. |
| High complexity test | Usually not performed in POL (physicians office labs) Ex. pap smear analysis, blood typing & cross matching, and cytology testing. |
| microbiology | Blood cultures are performed in the _______________ laboratory. |
| Red | Indicates a flammability hazard |
| yellow | Reactivity or stability hazard |
| blue | Indicates hazards to health |
| white | Provides special hazard information, including radioactivity, special biohazards and other dangerous situations. |
| Repeated hand washing or sanitization | ____________________ is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of all infections. |
| QA, reliability of laboratory testing | ____ is the pledge of healthcare professionals to work to achieve the highest degree of excellence in the healthcare given every patient. QA encompasses a comprehensive set of policies and procedures developed to ensure the __________________. |
| volumetric flask, accuracy | The most accurate measurement is obtained with a _______________. Volumetric glassware must undergo rigorous calibration to ensure the _________ of the measurement. |
| blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, joint fluid. | The clinical chemistry department analyzes _________, ______________, __________, and _________________. |
| ten, 10 | The usual magnification on a microscope is ___ times (__x). |
| Condenser, iris diaphragm | The ______________ directs light up through the stage, and the ______________ regulates the amount of light passing through the specimen. |
| 10 | The total magnification of the specimen being observed is determined by multiplying the magnification of the objective lens by __. |
| Centrifugation | ________________ is used to separate blood cells from serum, solid materials (e.g., cells and crystals) from urine, and solids from liquids. |
| equal size, equal volume, directly from one another, emission of aerosols | Balancing a centrifuge requires that tubes of ________________ and containing ______________, are positioned _____________________ in the rotor holders. Also, tubes should be tightly capped to prevent the ______________. |
| heat and steam, pressure cooker | An autoclave sterilizes instruments through the use of ______________, which is similar to the way food cooks in a _____________. |
| analytes | The clinical chemistry department analyzes specimens for a number of related __________. |
| 9 mL | How much diluent is added to a 1 mL sample to make a 1:10 dilution? |
| Hematology | Test performed may be Qualitative or Quantitative. |
| 35-46 F 2-8 C | Refrigerator Temperature for laboratory |
| 18 mL | How much diluent is added to a 2 mL sample to make a 1:10 dilution? |
| 38 mL | How much diluent is added to a 2 mL sample to make a 1:20 dilution? |
| Pipets | A cylindric glass or plastic tube used to deliver fluids. |
| 98.6 F 37 C | Body Temperature |
| divisions of the clinical laboratory. 1) Urinalysis 2) Hematology 3) Chemistry 4) Microbiology | Identify the 4 major divisions of the clinical laboratory. |
| MSDS | Material Safety Data Sheet; contains the basic information about a specific chemical or product |
| , graduated pipette, | _______________, which is used for measuring |
| serologic pipette | ______________ permit a fast flow of liquid with less accuracy and should not be used in the preparation off reagents. |
| Serologic pipettes | ______________ are calibrated to their tip. |
| volumetric pipette, | For most general laboratory procedures, two main types of manual pipettes are used, the _____________, which is used for transferring |
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sweeter than honey