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Surgical Technology
ortho instrument definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Burr | round, conical, or tapered tip used for making narrow holes or for smoothing very small areas. made from stainless steel, titanium, or diamond. |
| Chuck | attached to the drill head and recieves attachments such as reamers, burrs, drill bits, or other rotational cutting tips which fit into the central hole of it. |
| Depth Gauge | a small calibrated rod used to measure the depth of a drilled or reamed hole in bone |
| Drill Bit | a pin with wide cutting threads that is used to make a smooth-sided hole in the bone |
| Drill guide (Drill sleeve) | instrument inserted near or at the screw hole to correctly aim the angle of a screw, pin, nail, or wire as it enters the bone |
| Reamer | a rod-shaped or chisel-pointed cutter used to ream, or clear, the medullary canal.used for dishing surfaces such as the acetabulum.used to prepare the bone for an implant. |
| Shaver | type of burr used mainly on cartilage for shaping and removing tissue such as the meniscus |
| Tap | an instrument similar to a screw that is used to cut threads in the bone. |
| Reciprocating Saw | the blade moves "in and out" of the handpiece |
| Sagittal Saw | the blade is fixed at a right angle (90 degree) to the handpiece and moves along a perpendicular axis |
| Oscillating Saw | the blade is mounted along the same axis as the handle and moves "back and forth" |
| Chisel | beveled (sloped) on one side only |
| Osteotome | beveled on both sides |
| Gouge | V or U shaped chisel |
| Periosteal Elevator | main function is to remove or scrape away the periosteum from the bone surface |
| Bone Rasp | used to model and shape bone or to roughen the bone surface |
| Screws | the most commonly used type of orthopedic implant. they are made of titanium, stainless steel, or bioabsorbable material. it can fix an orthopedic implant to a bone or fix a bone to a bone. it can attach a plate to bridge a fracture and can be used alone |
| Head | the flat or conical part of the screw |
| Shaft | the long section of the screw |
| Threads | the spiral shaped ridges along the screw shaft. on most screws they are asymmetrical (flat on the top and rounded underneath) |
| Tip | this part of the screw may be blunt, corkscrew, or trocar shaped. the shape determines whether it requires a pre-drilled hole. |
| Cancellous Screw | used in dense cancellous bone; large diameter and greater pitch to increase contact with the bone. they are used to fix a plate to the bone. |
| Cortical Screw | small diameter and decreased pitch; used in cortical bone to fix a plate |
| Lag Screw | this type of screw exerts compression on bone fragments, either directly or with a plate |
| Locking Screw | used with a special plate that has threaded holes to secure the screw head to the plate |
| Cannulated Screw | a screw with a hollow core.the hollow center allows the screw to be fitted over a prepositioned guidewire to ensure precise placement |
| Self-tapping Screw | has flutes at the tip that cut out a passage for the threads as the screw is inserted |
| Plates | span bone and provide stability and support during healing. made of titanium or stainless steel. |
| Reconstruction Plate | may be bent to fit the contours of the bone surface. commonly used in pelvic fractures and in cranial nd facial trauma |
| Locking Plate | has threaded screw holes that lock the screws into the plate. this prevents rocking of the screws, which tends to loosen them or cause them to back out |
| Dynamic Compression Plate | has screw holes that are inclined (sloped) and offset. provides reduction and compression of the fragments. |
| Dynamic | the compression of bone fragments produced by the natural load exerted on the bones by the body itself |
| Tension Band Plate | provides a mechanical advantage in the fixation of long bones. this plate is placed on the convex or gap side of the fracture to counteract the load and prevent the gap from widening |
| Buttress | suporting structure tht prevents an adjoining object or structure from collapsing. supports the roof at its highest point |
| Condylar Plate | often used in conjunction with a compression screw for the fixation of fractures of the condyle (rounded end of a long bone) |
| Intramedullary (IM) Nail | thick rod inserted into the medullary canal of the long bones to provide structural support from inside the bone. used for fractures of long bones, such as the femur, tibia, and humerus. made of titanium and stainless steel.. |
| Wire | most often used to reduce small bone fragments |
| K-wire & Steinmann pins | thick wires that are inserted with a drill |
Created by:
lluckey3