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Ch 8 A&P text
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In ___ joints, Bones are joined by fibrous tissue; no joint cavity is present. Most are immovable. The three types of ___ joints are suture, syndesmoses, and gomphoses | Fibrous joint |
| An immovable fibrous joint; with one exception all bones of the skull are united by ____. | Suture |
| A completely ossidied joint; a fused joint | Synostoses |
| In ____, the bones are connected by ligaments, cords, or bands of fibrous tissue. The amount of movement allowed at a ____ depends on the length of the connecting fibers. | Syndesmoses |
| A peg in socket fibrous joint. Ex: articulation of a tooth with its bony alveolar socket. The fibrous connection in this case is the short periodontal ligament | Gomphosis |
| In ___ joints, the articulating bones are united by cartilage. Like fibrous joints, they lack a joint cavity and are not highly movable. The 2 types of __ joints are synchondroses and symphyses. | Cartilaginous joints |
| A joint in which the bones are united by hyaline cartilage. Virtually all ___ are synarthrotic (immovable) Ex: epiphyseal plates in long bones of children. Ex: immovable joint b/w the first rib and manubrium of the sternum | Synchondrosis |
| A joint in which the bones are connected by fibrocartilage. Since fibrocartilage is present, it acts as shock absorber and permits limited movement. Ex: intervertebral joints and the pubic symphysis of the pelvic | Symphyses |
| freely movable joint exhibiting a fluid containing joint cavity; also called diarthrosis. most bones of body (esp limbs) fall into this class | Synovial joints |
| Glassy smooth hyaline cartilage covers the opposing bone surfaces as ____ cartilage. These thin sponget chushions absorb compression and keep bone ends from being crushed | Articular cartilage (feature of synovial joint) |
| A feature unique to synovial joints, this cavity is really just potential space that contains small amounts of synovial fluid | Joint (articular) cavity (feature of synovial joint) |
| joint cavity is enclosed by a 2 layered __ capsule. The external fibrous layer is made of dense irregular connective tissue that is continous with the periostea of the articulating bone. The inner layer is synovial membrane, its function make syn fluid | Articular capsule (feature of synovial joint) |
| Fluid secreted by synovial membrane; lubricates joint surfaces and nourishes articular cartilages. It reduces friction b/w cartilages. Also contains phagocytic cells that rid cavity of debris | Synovial fluid (feature of synovial joint) |
| Synvoial joints are reinforced/stregthend by _____. most are capsular, which are thicked parts of fibrous layer. | Reinforcing ligaments (features of synovial joints) |
| Syn joints are richly supplied with senseory nerve fibers that innervate the capsule. Some fibers detect pain, but most monitor joint position and stretch | Nerves and blood vessels ( features of synovial joints) |
| A flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid; occurs between bones and muscle tendons (or other structures), where it acts to decrease friction during movement | Bursa |
| ____ is esstentiall an elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction (ex: many in wrist) | Tendon sheath |
| The shapes ____ surfaces determine what movements are possible. Only play minor role in joint stablilty. (ex: the ball and deep socket of hip) | Articular surfaces (func determining stability of synovial joints) |
| The capsule and ___ of synovial joint unite the bones and prevent excessive or undesirable motion. As a rule, the more ligaments a joint has, the stronger it is. | Ligaments (func determining stability of synovial joints) |
| The muscle tendons that cross the joint are the most important stabilizaing factor. These tendons are kept under tension by the ____ of the muscle. | Muscle tone (func determining stability of synovial joints) |
| Slipping movements only | Nonaxial (range of motion allowed by synovial joints) |
| Movement in one plane | Uniaxial (range of motion allowed by synovial joints) |
| Movement in all three planes of space and axes | Multiaxial (range of motion allowed by synovial joints |
| Occurs when one flat bone surface slips over another without appreciable angulation or rotation. Occurs at intercarpal and intertarsal joints, and b/w the flat articular processes of the vertebrae | gliding movement |
| Increases or decreasse the angle b/w two bones. Occurs in any plane of the body and include flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. | Angular movements |
| Largest and most complex joint in the body | Knee joint |
| Intermediate joint b/w the patella and the lower end of the femur | Femoropatellar joint |
| lateral and medial joints b/w the femoral condyles | tibiofemoral joints |
| ___ and ___ are critcal in preventing lateral or medial rotation when the knee is extended. The ___ __ ___ runs from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibial shaft | Fibular and Tibial collateral ligaments |
| Helps stabilize the posterior aspect of the knee | Oblique popliteal ligament |
| reinforces the joint capsule posteriorly | Arcuate popliteal ligament |
| Attaches to anterior tibia. Prevents forward sliding of tibia and stops hyperextension of knee. | Anterior cruciate ligament |
| Attaches to posterior tibia. Prevents backward sliding of tibia and forward sliding of femur. | Posterior cruciate ligament |
| Collateral ligaments Cruciate ligaments Cartilages (menisci). Most dangerous are lateral blows to extended knee. (ACL common ) | Common knee injuries involved the 3 C’s: |
| Most freely moving joint in body. Ball-and-socket joint. Large, hemispherical head of humerus fits in small, shallow glenoid cavity of scapula. | Glenohumeral Joint |
| fibrocartilaginous rim around glenoid cavity. Helps to add depth to shallow cavity. Cavity still only holds one-third of head of humerus. | Glenoid labrum (labrum = lip) |
| Helps support weight of upper limb | Coracohumeral ligament |
| Strengthen anterior capsule, but are weak support | Three glenohumeral ligament |
| The muscles inlude the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor. | Four tendons make up the rotator cuff |
| surrounds head of radius | Anular ligament |
| Side to side movements are restricted by two strong capsular ligaments: ____ and ___ | Ulnar collateral ligament medially, and the radial collateral ligament lterally |
| The hip joint is a ball and ocket joint and has a good range of motion but it limited by strong ligaments in deep sockets. Movement occurs in all possible planes. The depth of the acetabulum is enhanced by a circular rim of ribrocartilage called ___ | Acetabular labrum |
| Iliofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament Ligament of head of femur (most stability comes from ball and socket tho) | Reinforcing ligaments of hip include |
| ___ is a modified hinge jount. Two types of movement, hinge and glide. Most easily dammaged bone in body. | Temporomandibular joint |
| Posterior temporal bone forms ____, while anterior portion forms ____ | Mandibular fossa and Articular tubercle. |
Created by:
cshelly