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Skeletal system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Arthr | Joint |
| Chondr | Cartilage |
| Cost | Ribs |
| Myel | Bone marrow or spinal cord |
| Orth | Straight |
| Oste | Bone |
| Synov | Synovial membrane |
| Functions of the skeletal system | Provides support for the body, Protects the internal organs e.g. skull, Provides movement and leverage, Stores minerals e.g. calcium and phosporous, Produces red blood cells - called harmatopoeisis, Provides attachment for muscles and tendons |
| Cartilage | The flexible and "cushioning" part of the skeleton. It is found at the end of long bones and is a connective covering where bones come together |
| Tendons | Fibrous bands of connective tissue that connect muscle to bone |
| Ligaments | Fibrous bands of connective tissue that connects joints together |
| Classification of bones | Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones |
| Long, short and irregular bones develop from | Cartilage |
| Flat bones develop from | Membrane |
| Sesamoid bones develop from | Tendons |
| Sesamoid bone | a small independent bone or bony nodule developed in a tendon where it passes over an angular structure, typically in the hands and feet. The kneecap is a particularly large sesamoid bone. |
| Osteoblasts | The cells which form bone |
| Osteoclasts | Giant bone destroying cells. Remove bone debris. They smooth and shape bones |
| Orthopaedics | The branch of medicine specializing in bones |
| Rheumatology | The branch of medicine specializing in the joints |
| Periosteum | The outer membrane that covers the bone and contain blood vessels |
| Compact bone | The outer layer of the bone that is more rigid and heavier than the inside |
| Spongy bone | Inner layer of the bone which is like a a honeycomb |
| Fracture | Broken bone |
| Osteomalacia | Softening of bone from lack od calcium. Can be due to vitamin D deficiency |
| Osteoporosis | Loss of bone mass and decrease on bone density that can lead to brittle bones that break easily. Can be due to a deficiency in oestrogen, protein, calcium or vitamin D |
| Tumour | Bone tumour is an abnormal growth of bone tissue |
| Osteoma | Tumour of the bone - usually benign |
| Sarcoma | Malignant bone tumour |
| Osteomyelitis | Bone inflammation caused by bacterial infection |
| Scoliosis | Spine is curved from side to side - can be congenital or develop in teens |
| Spina Bifida | Congenital disease - abnormal closing of the vertebrae causing malformation of the spine |
| Acromegaly | Excess growth of the extremities caused my overproduction of growth hormone |
| Rickets | Abnormal bone formation indirectly resulting from lack of vitamin D which is necessary for calcium absorption |
| Arthritis | Inflammation on the joints |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Autoimmune disease causing swelling and irritation of the synovial membrane |
| Osteoarthritis | Arthritis (inflammation of the joints) resulting from wear and tear on joint surfaces |
| Bursitis | Inflammation of the bursa (fluid filled sac) between the muscle attachments and the bone |
| Gout | Uric acid crystals form in the joints causing pain and inflammation. Occurs most commmonly in the feet |
| Osteochondritis | Inflammation of the bone and cartilage |
| ALP | Alkaline phosphatase - test for bone disease |
| Ca | Calcium - test for mineral calcium imbalance |
| Phosphorus (P) | Test for mineral phosphorus imbalance |
| Mg | Magnesium - test for mineral magnesium imbalance |
| RF | Rheumatoid factor - test for Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Synovial fluid | Test for Arthritis and gout |
| Uric acid | Also called urate - test for gout |
| ESR | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate - general inflammation test |
| Antecubital fossa | Indentation of the mid arm where the elbow bends (location of the large veins used in phlebotomy) |
| Articulation | A joint (junction point whetr 2 or more bonea are connected) |
| Clavical | Pertaining to the collar bone |
| Subclavian | Below the area of the collar bone |
| Costal | Pertaining to the ribs |
| Cubitus | Elbow end of the humerus bone |
| Cubital | Pertaining to the area at the elbow end of the humerus bone |
| Femur | Long bone of the upper leg |
| Femoral | Pertaining to the femur |
| Hematopoiesis | Formation of blood cells in the bone marrow |
| Tarsals | Bones of the ankle |
| Metatarsals | Bones of the feet |
| Tibia | Largest bone of the lower leg |
| Tibial | Pertaining to the tibia |
| CAT | Computerized axial tomography |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
| Fx | Fracture |
| OA | Osteoarthritis |
| RA | Rheumatoid arthritis |
Created by:
cisca