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Milady barber ch. 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye, and how the body parts are organized? Itâs the science of the structure or organisms or of their parts | Anatomy |
| What is the study of the functions and activities performed by the bodyâÂs structures? | Physiology |
| What is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues (Also known as microscopic anatomy) | Histology |
| What are the basic units of all living things? | Cells |
| What is a colorless jellylike substance found inside cells in which food elements such as proteins, fat, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are found? | Protoplasm |
| What is the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell? It plays an important part in the cell reproduction and metabolism | Nucleus |
| What is the watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and is needed for growth, reproduction, and self-repair | Cytoplasm |
| What is the cell wall that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell | Cell Membrane |
| What is the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissue that occurs when the cell divides in two identical (daughter) cells | Mitosis |
| What are the two small structures near the nucleus that move to each side during the mitosis process to help divide the cell | Centrioles |
| What is a collection of similar cells that preform a particular function? | Tissue |
| What is the fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body? Examples: Bone, Cartilage, Ligaments, Tendons, Blood, Lymph, and Adipose tissue (fat) | Connective Tissue |
| What is the protective tissue covering on body surfaces? Examples: Skin, Mucous membranes, Tissue inside the mouth, lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands | Epithelial Tissue |
| What kind of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body? | Muscle Tissue |
| What kind of tissue carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions Itâs made up of special cells known as neurons that makes up the nerves, brain, and spinal cord | Nerve Tissue |
| What are structures composed of specialized tissues designed to preform specific functions? | Organs |
| What is a group or groups of body organs acting together to preform one or more functions? | Body System |
| What system controls movement of blood throughout the body? The major organs are the heart and blood. | Circulatory System |
| What is the system that breaks down food into nutrients or waste for nutrition or excretion. Major organs are the stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands. | Digestive System |
| Which system controls hormone levels that determine growth, development, sexual function, and health of the entire body? Major organs are endocrine glands and hormones | Endocrine System |
| Which system eliminates waste from the body reducing the buildup of toxins? Major organs are kidneys, liver, skin, large intestines, and lungs. | Excretory System |
| Which system provides a protective covering and regulates body temperature? Major organs are the skin, oils and sweat glands, hair, and nails. | Integumentary System |
| Which system protects the body from disease by developing immunity and destroying pathogens and toxins? Also called the lymphatic system. Major organs are the lymph, lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen. | Immune System |
| Which system covers, shapes, and hold the skeleton in place and contracts to allow for movement of the body structures? Major organs are the muscles and connective tissue | Muscular System |
| Which system coordinates with all other body systems and allows them to work efficiently and react to the environment? Major organs are the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and eyes. | Nervous System |
| Which system produces offspring and allows for transfer of genetic material. Differentiates between the sexes. Major organs are: Female- ovaries, uterus, vagina Males- testies, prostate, penis | Reproductive System |
| Which system makes blood and oxygen available to the body structures? It eliminates carbon dioxide Major organs are the lungs and air passage. | Respiratory System |
| Which system forms the physical foundation of the body: it is made up of 206 bones that are connected by movable and immovable joints. Major organs are bones and joints | Skeletal System |
| What is the oval, bony case that protects the brain? | Cranium |
| What is the framework of the face called? There are 14 bones that make it up. | Facial Skeleton |
| What is the hindmost bone of the skull, blow the parietal bones? It forms the back of the skull above the nape. | Occipital Bone |
| What are the bones that form the sides and top of the cranium. There are 2 of them. | Parietal Bones |
| What is the bone that forms the forehead? | Frontal Bone |
| What are the bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region? There are 2 of them. | Temporal Bones |
| What is the light spongy bone between the eye sockets? It haÂs part of the nasal cavities | Ethmoid Bone |
| What is the bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together? | Sphenoid Bone |
| What is the bone that forms the bridge of the nose? There are 2 of them. | Nasal Bones |
| What are the small thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye sockets)? There are 2 of them. | Lacrimal Bones |
| Also called the Malar bones or the cheek bones, these two bones form the prominence of the cheeks. | Zygomatic Bones |
| These two bones form the upper jaw. | Maxillae |
| The largest and strongest bone of the face, what is the name of the lower jawbone? | Mandible |
| These two bones make up the floor and lateral walls of the nasal cavity, the roof of the mouth, and the floor of the orbits. | Palatine Bones |
| This bone forms the hinder and lower part of the nasal septum | Vomer |
| What is the U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and itâs muscles? | Hyoid Bone |
| These seven bones are the top of the vertebral column located in the neck region. | Cervical Vertebrae |
| The protective covering for the heart, lungs, and other delicate internal organs. Itâs an elastic, bony cage consisting of the sternum, clavicle, scapula, and 12 pairs of ribs | Thorax |
| What is the largest bone of the arm and extends from the shoulder to the elbow? | Humerus |
| This is the inner and larger bone of the forearm and is located along the same side of the arm as the little finger. | Ulna |
| What is the smaller bone on the thumb side of the forearm? | Radius |
| Also called the wrist, what is the flexible joint composed of 8 small, irregular bones held together by ligaments? | Carpus |
| Consisting of 5 slender bones between the carpus and the phalanges, what are the bones of the palm? | Metacarpals |
| Consisting of 3 bones in each finger and 2 in the thumb, what is the name for the 14 finger bones in each hand? | Phalanges |
| What is the study of the structure, functioning and diseases of the muscles? | Myology |
| What are the voluntary muscles which contain nerves and are attached to bone and are controlled by will? | Striated |
| What are involuntary muscles that function without the action of the will called? | Nonstriated |
| What is an involuntary muscle with striations and centrally located nuclei, and is not duplicated anywhere else in the body? | Cardiac muscle |
| What is the part of the muscle that does not move and is attached closest to the skeleton? | Origin |
| What is the middle part of the muscle called? | Belly |
| What is the part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton? | Insertion |
| What are the different ways muscular tissue can be stimulated? | Massage, Electric Therapy Current, Infrared Light, Dry Heat, Moist Heat, Nerve Impulses, Chemicals |
| What is the broad muscle that covers the top portion of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis | Epicranius |
| What is the muscle at the back or posterior portion of the epicranius, it draws the scalp backward? | Occipitalis |
| What muscle is the front or anterior portion of the epicranius? It raises the eyebrows, draws the the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead. | Frontalis |
| What is the tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles? | Epicranial Aponeurosis |
| What are the four muscles of the scalp? | Epicranius, Occipitalis, Frontalis, Epicranial Aponeurosis |
| What are the three muscles of the ear? | Auricularis Superior, Auricularis Anterior, Auriularis Posterior |
| What is the muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward? | Auricularis Superior |
| What is the muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward? | Auricularis Anterior |
| What is the muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backwards? | Auricularis Posterior |
| What are the two muscles used for mastication that are assisted by the pterygoid muscles | Masseter, Temporarlis |
| What are the two muscles of the neck? | Platysma, Sternocleidomastoideus |
| What is the broad muscle that extends from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin and is responsible for depressing the lower jaw and lip? | Platysma |
| What is the muscle that extends from the collar bone and chest to the temporal bone at the back of the ear? It bends and rotates the head. | Sternocleidmastoideus |
| What are the three muscles of the eye? | Orbicularis Oculi, Corrugator, Levator Palpebrae Superioris |
| What is the ring muscle of the eye socket that enables you to close your eyes? | Orbicularis Oclui |
| What muscle is located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically? | Corrugator |
| What thin muscle controls the eyelid and can be easily damaged during massage or makeup application? | Levator Palpebrae Superioris |
| What muscle covers the top of the nose, depresses the eyebrow, and causes wrinkles across the the bridge of the nose? | Procerus |
| What are the important muscles of the mouth? | Buccintor, Depressor Labii Inferioris, Levator Anguilla Oris, Levator Labii Superioris, Mentalis, Orbicularis Oris, Risorius, Triangularis, Zygomaticus Major, Zygomaticus Minor |
| What thin flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips? | Buccinator |
| Also know as the quadratics labii inferioris muscle which muscle surrounds the lower lip, lowers the lip and draws it to one side? | Depressor Labii Inferioris |
| Also known as the caninus muscle what muscle raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward? | Levator Anguli Oris |
| Also known as the quadrantus labii Superioris muscle what muscle surrounds the upper lip, elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils | Levator Labii Superioris |
| What muscle elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin? | Mentalis |
| What is the flat band of muscle around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips? | Orbicularis Oris |
| What is the muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back? | Risorius |
| What muscle extends alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth? | Triangularis |
| What are the muscles on both sides of the face that extends from Zygomaticus bone to the angle of the mouth? These muscles pull the mouth upward and outward. | Zygomaticus Major |
| What are the muscles on both sides of the face that extends from the zygomatic bone to the upper lips? These muscles pull the upper lip backward, upward and outward. | Zygomaticus Minor |
| What are the muscles that attach the arms to the body? | Latissimus Doris, Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior, Trapezius |
| What is the large flat triangular muscle covering the lower back? It helps extend the arm away from the body and rotate the shoulder. | Latissimus Dorsi |
| What are the muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm? | Pectoralis Major and Pectoralis Minor |
| What is the muscle of the chest that assists in breathing and in raising the arm? | Serratus Anterior |
| What is the muscle that covers the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back? It rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm. | Trapezius |
| What are the muscles of the shoulder and arm? | Bicep, Deltoid, Tricep, Extensors, Flexor, Pronator, Supinator |
| What muscle produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm? It lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow. | Bicep |
| What is the large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body? | Deltoid |
| What is the muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm? | Tricep |
| What muscles straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line? | Extensors |
| What is the Extensors muscle of the writ involved in flexing the wrist? | Flexor |
| What muscle turns the hand inward so that the palm faces downward? | Pronator |
| What muscle rotates the radius outward and the palm upward? | Supinator |
| What are the muscles of the hand? | Abductors and Adductors |
| What are that muscles that draw a body part away from the midline of the body or an extremity? In the hand it separates the fingers | Abductors |
| What muscles draw a body part toward the median axis of the body or extremity? In the hand they draw the fingers together. | Adductors |
| What is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system? | Neurology |
| What are the two main subdivisions the nervous system is decided into? | Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system |
| Which nervous system consists of the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, and spinal nerves? It controls consciousness and all mental activities, the function of the five senses, and voluntary muscle actions, including all body movements and facial express | Central |
| Which nervous system is made of sensory and motor nerve fibers that extend from the brain and spinal cord to all parts of the body? They carry impulses to and from the central nervous system. | Peripheral |
| Part of the central nervous system, contained in the cranium. What is the largest and most complex organization of nerve tissue? It controls sensations, muscles, activity of glands, and the powder to think, sense, and feel. | The Brain |
| What is the portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain and extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk? | The Spinal Cord |
| Also known as a nerve cell, what is the primary structural unit of the nervous system, consisting of a cell body, nucleus, dendrites, and the axon? | Neuron |
| What are treelike branching of nerve fibers extending from the cell that carry impulses toward the cell, and receive impulses from other neurons? | Dendrites |
| What are the extensions of a neuron through which impulses are sent away from the cell body to other neurons, glands, or muscles? | Axon |
| What are whitish cords made up of bundle of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted? | Nerves |
| Also known as afferent nerves what carry impulses or messages from the sense organs? | Sensory Nerves |
| Also known as efferent nerves what carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands? | Motor Nerves |
| What is an automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impuls from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord? | Reflex |
| How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? | 12 |
| What is the largest cranial nerve? | Fifth cranial nerve |
| What is another name for the 5th cranial nerve? | Trifacial Nerve |
| What is the chief sensory nerve of the face and serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing? It consists of three branches. | 5th Cranial Nerve |
| What supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage | Ophthalmic Nerve |
| What affects the muscles of the chin, lower lip, and eternal ear? | Mandibular Nerve |
| What supplies impulses to the upper part of the face? | Maxillary Nerve |
| What are the branches of the 5th cranial nerve that are affected by massage? | Auriculotemporal nerve, Infraorbital nerve, Infratochlear nerve, Mental nerve, Nasal nerve, Supraorbital nerve, Supratrochlear nerve, Zygomatic nerve |
| What nerve affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull? | Auriclotemporal |
| What nerve affects the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip,and mouth? | Infraorbital |
| What nerve affects the membrane and skin of the nose? | Infratrohlear |
| What nerve affects the skin of the lower lip and chin? | Mental |
| What nerve affects the tip and lower side of the nose? | Nasal |
| What nerve affects the skin of the forehead, scalp, eyebrow, and upper eyelid? | Supraorbital |
| What nerve affects the skin between the eyes and upper side of the nose? | Supratrochlear |
| What nerve affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek? | Zygomatic |
| What is another name for the seventh cranial nerve? | Facial Nerve |
| What is the chief motor nerve of the face? | 7th Cranial Nerve |
| Which nerves emerges through the opening on the sides and base of the cranium and reach various parts of the head, face, and neck? | 5th Cranial Nerve |
| Which nerves emerge near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck? | 7th Cranial Nerve |
| What are the most important parts of the 7th Cranial Nerve? | Posterior Auricular Nerve, Temporal Nerve, Zygomatic Nerve, Buffalo Nerve, Marginal Maninular Nerve |
| Which nerve affects the muscle behind the ear at the base of the skull? | Posterior Auricular |
| Which nerve affects the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, and upper part of the cheek? | Temporal |
| What nerve affects the muscle of the upper part of the cheek? | Zygomatic |
| Which nerves affect the muscles of the mouth? | Buccal |
| Which nerve affects the the muscles of the chin and lower lip? | Marginal Mandibular |
| What is another name for the 11th Cranial Nerve? | Accessory Nerve |
| What is the motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles? | 11th Cranial Nerve |
| Where do cervical or spinal nerves originate? | Spinal Cord |
| Their branches supply the muscles and scalp at the back of the head and neck. What nerves are these? | Cervial Nerves |
| Name the four Cervical Nerves. | Greater Occipital, Smaller Occipital, Great Auricular, Cervical Cutaneous |
| What nerve is located at the back of the head and affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head? | Greater Occipital |
| What nerve is located at the base of the skull and affects the scalp and muscles of this region. | Smaller Occipital |
| What nerve is located at the side of the neck and affects the external ears and the front of the back of the ear? | Greater Auricular |
| What nerve is located at the side of the neck and affects the front and side of the neck as far down as the breastbone? | Cervical Cutaneous |
| What is a muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps blood moving within the circulator system? | Heart |
| Approximately how much does the heart weigh? | 9 ounces |
| How many time does a normal adult heart beat per minute | 60 - 80 |
| What two systems are important in the circulation of blood? | Pulmonary Circulation, Systemic Circulation |
| What circulation takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and wast removal and then returned that blood to the heart to be distributed to the body? | Pulmonary |
| What is another name for Systemic Circulation? | General Circulation |
| What Circulation carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to throughout the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart? | Systemic Circulation |
| What are tubelike structures that include the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, and veins? | Blood Vessels |
| What are thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the artrioles? | Arteries |
| What is the largest artery in the body? | Aorta |
| What are small arteries that carry blood to capillaries? | Arterioles |
| What are tiny, thin-walled, blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to venules? | Capillaries |
| What brings nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials? | Capillaries |
| What are small vessels that connect capillaries to the veins? | Venules |
| What collets blood from the capillaries and drain it into the veins? | Venules |
| What are thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries? | Veins |
| What contains a cup like valve that keeps blood flowing in one direction? | Veins |
| What blood vessels are located closer to the outer skin surface of the body than arteries? | Veins |
| What is a nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrient to the cells and tissue? | Blood |
| Approximately how many pints of blood are in the human body? | 8 - 10 |
| Blood makes up approximately how much of the bodyâs weight? | 1/20th |
| Approximately what percentage of blood is water? | 80 |
| What are the critical functions of blood? | Carry water, oxygen, and food to all cells and tissues. Carry away co2 and wastes to the lungs, skin, kidneys, large intestine. Equalize body temperature. Protect the body from harmful toxins and bacteria. Seal leaks found in blood vessels |
| What are the main arteries that supply blood to the head, face, and neck? They are located on both sides of the neck and are divided into an internal and eternal branch. | Common Carotid Arteries |
| What artery supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear? | Internal Carotid Artery |
| What are terry supplies blood to the Anterior parts of the scalp, ears, face, neck, and sides of the head? | External Carotid Artery |
| What are two important branches of the Internal Carotid Artery? | Supraorbital Artery, Infraorbital Artery |
| What Artery supplies blood to the upper eyelid and forehead? | Supraorbital Artery |
| What Artery supplies blood to the muscles of the eye? | Infraorbital Artery |
| What are the four branches of the External Caroided Artery? | Facial, Superfacial Temporal, Occipital, Posterior Auricular |
| What is another name for the Facial Artery? | External Maxillary Artery |
| What Artery supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose? | Facial Artery |
| Whatâre are some of the important Facial Artery branches? | Submental, Inferior Labial, Angular, Superior Labial |
| What Facial Artery supplies blood to the lower lip and chin? | Submental Artery |
| What Facial Artery supplies blood to the lower lip? | Inferior Labial Artery |
| What Facial Artery supplies blood to the side of the nose? | Angular Artery |
| What Facial Artery supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose? | Superior Labial Artery |
| What is a continuation of the External Carotid Artery and supplies blood to the muscles of the front, side, and top of the head? | Superficial Temporal Artery |
| What are some of the important Superficial Temporal arteries? | Frontal, Parietal, Transverse Facial, Middle Temporal, Anterior Auricular |
| What Superfacial Temporal Artery supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelid | Frontal Artery |
| What Superficial Temporal Artery supplies blood to the side and crown of the head? | Parietal Artery |
| What Superfacial Temporal Artery supplies blood to the temples? | Middle Temporal Artery |
| What Superfacial Temporal Artery supplies blood to the skin and Masseter? | Transverse Facial Artery |
| What Superfacial Temporal Artery supplies blood to the front part of the ear? | Anterior Auricular Artery |
| What External Carotid Artery supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown? | Occipital Artery |
| What External Caroitid Artery supplies blood to the scalp, the area behind and above the ear, and the skin behind the ear? | Posterior Auricular Artery |
| What are the two principal veins that return blood from the head, face and neck to the heart? | Internal Jugular Vein, External Jugular Vein |
| Which vein is located at the side of the neck to COLLECT blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck? | Internal Jugular Vein |
| What Vein is located at the side of the neck and CARRIES blood to the heart from the head, face, and neck? | External Jugular Vein |
| What is the clear fluid that circulates in the lymph spaces of the body? | Lymph |
| What is the blood plasma found in the spaces between tissue cells? | Interstitial Fluid |
| What are the Lymphatic vessels that start as tubes that are corset at one end called? | Lymph Capillaries |
| What are glandlike structures found inside Lymphatic vessels? | Lymph Nodes |
| What filters the lymphatic vessels, which helps to fight infection? | Lymph Nodes |
| What are the primary functions of the lymphatic system? | Carry nourishment from the blood to the body cells. Act as a defense from toxins, bacteria, and remove by-product of infection. Remove waste material from cells to blood. Provide suitable fluid environment for the cells |
| What does the word Integument mean? | A Nature Covering |
| In 1 square centimeter of skin, how many sebaceous glands are there? | 15 |
| In 1 square centimeter of skin, how many yards of blood vessels are there? | 1 |
| In 1 square centimeter of skin how many sweat glands are there? | 700 |
| In 1 square centimeter of skin, how many sensory cells at the end of nerve fibers are there? | 3000 |
| In 1 square centimeter of skin, How many yards of nerves are there? | 4 |
| In 1 square centimeter of skin, how many pressure apparatus for the perception of tactile stimuli are there? | 25 |
| In 1 square centimeter of skin, how many nerve endings to record pain are there? | 200 |
| In 1 square centimeter of skin, how many sensory apparatuses for cold are there? | 2 |
| In 1 square centimeter of skin, how many sensory apparatuses for heat are there? | 12 |
| In 1 square centimeter of skin, how many cells are there? | 3,000,000 |
| In 1 square centimeter of skin, how many hairs are there? | 10 |
| What are secretory organs that remove and release certain elements from blood to convert them into new compounds? | Glands |
| What are the 2 main types of glands? | Endocrine Glands, Exocrine Glands |
| What is another name for endocrine glands? | Ductless Glands |
| What kind of glands release secretions directly into the bloodstream? | Endocrine Glands |
| What is another name for Exocrine Glands? | Duct Glands |
| Which glands produce a substance that travels through small tubelike ducts? | Exocrine Glands |
| What are secretions that stimulate functional activity called? | Hormones |
| What affects and changes the skins acne, loss of scalp hair, facial hair growth and color, and darker skin pigmentation? | Hormones |
Created by:
Sharris1986